The structure that stabilizes the shoulder joint is known as the:


a. rotator cuff.
b. radial collateral ligament.
c. posterior cruciate ligament.
d. fibular collateral ligament.

Define each of the following movements or movement pairs.

a. Flexion and extension

b. Adduction and abduction

c. Rotation

d. Circumduction

e. Dorsiflexion and plantarflexion

f. Elevation and depression

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

d. The shoulder joint is stabilized by the medial and lateral menisci.

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

e. The hip joint is less stable than the shoulder joint, but it allows more motion.

Which of the following best describes the function of the anterior cruciate ligament?

a. It prevents posterior displacement of the tibia on the femur.

b. It prevents the tibia from moving too far laterally on the femur.

c. It prevents anterior displacement of the tibia on the femur and hyperextension.

d. It improves the fit between the femur and the tibia.

Which factors contribute to the stability of the hip joint?

Lauren has hurt her knee playing soccer. She explains that during the match, someone tackled her, hitting her on the lateral side of her knee. You notice during your examination that she has excessive range of motion in her knee; specifically, you are able to hyperextend her knee and anteriorly displace her tibia on her femur. Her tibia also displaces laterally on her femur. What has likely happened to her knee? Explain.

Some individuals have an abnormally small and shallow glenoid labrum. How would this affect the stability of the shoulder joint?