In the following photographs of the scapula, identify the three views (a–c) and the indicated bone markings (d–g). a. ___b. ___c. ___d. ___e. ___f. ___g.___

In anatomical position, the ulna lies (a) medial to the radius, (b) lateral to the radius, (c) inferior to the radius, (d) superior to the radius.

The pectoral girdle does NOT quite satisfy the features of a true girdle because __________.

Which of the following is primarily responsible for stabilizing, positioning, and bracing the pectoral girdles? (a) tendons, (b) ligaments, (c) the joint shape, (d) muscles, (e) the shape of the bones within the joint.

Name the bones of the shoulder girdle.

Why would a self-defense instructor advise a student to strike an attacker’s clavicle?

While fireman Fred is fighting a fire in a building, part of the ceiling collapses, and a beam strikes him on his left shoulder. He is rescued, but has a great deal of pain in his shoulder. He cannot move his arm properly, especially in the anterior direction. His clavicle is not broken, and his humerus is intact. What is the probable nature of Fred’s injury?