Table of contents

1. Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology5h 43m
2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components12h 36m
3. Energy & Cell Processes10h 6m
4. Tissues & Histology10h 3m
5. Integumentary System2h 20m
6. Bones & Skeletal Tissue2h 16m
7. The Skeletal System2h 35m
8. Joints2h 17m
9. Muscle Tissue2h 33m
10. Muscles1h 11m
11. Nervous Tissue and Nervous System1h 35m
12. The Central Nervous System1h 6m
- Introduction to the Central Nervous System
  18m
- The Cerebrum
  48m
13. The Peripheral Nervous System1h 26m
14. The Autonomic Nervous System1h 38m
15. The Special Senses2h 41m
16. The Endocrine System2h 48m
17. The Blood3h 22m
18. The Heart2h 42m
19. The Blood Vessels3h 35m
20. The Lymphatic System3h 16m
21. The Immune System14h 37m
22. The Respiratory System3h 20m
23. The Digestive System2h 5m
24. Metabolism and Nutrition4h 0m
25. The Urinary System2h 39m
26. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance, Acid Base Balance37m
27. The Reproductive System2h 5m
28. Human Development1h 21m
29. Heredity3h 32m

2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components

Osmosis

Anatomy & Physiology

2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components

Osmosis

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Multiple Choice

Green olives may be preserved in brine, which is a 30% salt solution. How does this method of preservation prevent microorganisms from growing in the olives?

Bacterial cells shrivel up in high salt solutions, causing the cell to burst.

High salt concentration lowers the pH, thus inhibiting bacterial metabolism.

High salt concentration raises the pH, thus inhibiting bacterial metabolism.

A 30% salt solution is hypotonic to the bacteria, so they gain too much water and burst.

A 30% salt solution is hypertonic to the bacteria, so they lose too much water and undergo plasmolysis.

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Verified step by step guidance

Understand the concept of tonicity: Tonicity refers to the relative concentration of solutes in two fluids separated by a semipermeable membrane. A hypertonic solution has a higher concentration of solutes compared to the inside of a cell, while a hypotonic solution has a lower concentration.

Recognize the effect of hypertonic solutions on cells: In a hypertonic environment, water moves out of the cell to balance the solute concentration, leading to cell shrinkage or plasmolysis. This is because water moves from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration.

Apply this concept to bacterial cells in brine: When bacterial cells are exposed to a 30% salt solution, the external environment is hypertonic compared to the inside of the bacterial cells. This causes water to move out of the bacterial cells.

Understand the consequences of water loss: As water exits the bacterial cells, they undergo plasmolysis, which is the process of cell shrinkage due to water loss. This inhibits bacterial growth and metabolism, effectively preserving the olives.

Conclude the preservation mechanism: The hypertonic nature of the brine solution prevents microorganisms from thriving by causing them to lose water and undergo plasmolysis, thus preserving the olives.