Controlling the rates of transcription and translation is important in bacteria to avoid collisions between ribosomes and RNA polymerases. Calculate what the maximum rate of translation by a ribosome in a bacterial cell would have to be, in units of amino acids per second, so as not to overtake an RNA polymerase that is synthesizing mRNA at a rate of 60 nucleotides per second. How long would it take for this bacterial cell to translate an mRNA containing 1800 codons?

Each of the following statements about protein synthesis is false. Correct each to make a true statement.

a. In a gene, each nucleotide specifies one amino acid in a protein sequence.

Write a single sentence, using no more than 25 words, to summarize each of the following cellular processes:

f. Translation

What type of bonding is responsible for maintaining the shape of the tRNA molecule shown in the figure?

The tRNA shown in the figure has its 3′ end projecting beyond its 5′ end. Which of the following processes will occur at this 3′ end?