Table of contents

1. Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology5h 43m
2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components12h 36m
3. Energy & Cell Processes10h 6m
4. Tissues & Histology10h 3m
5. Integumentary System2h 20m
6. Bones & Skeletal Tissue2h 16m
7. The Skeletal System2h 35m
8. Joints2h 17m
9. Muscle Tissue2h 33m
10. Muscles1h 11m
11. Nervous Tissue and Nervous System1h 35m
12. The Central Nervous System1h 6m
- Introduction to the Central Nervous System
  18m
- The Cerebrum
  48m
13. The Peripheral Nervous System1h 26m
14. The Autonomic Nervous System1h 38m
15. The Special Senses2h 41m
16. The Endocrine System2h 48m
17. The Blood3h 22m
18. The Heart2h 42m
19. The Blood Vessels3h 35m
20. The Lymphatic System3h 16m
21. The Immune System14h 37m
22. The Respiratory System3h 20m
23. The Digestive System2h 5m
24. Metabolism and Nutrition4h 0m
25. The Urinary System2h 39m
26. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance, Acid Base Balance37m
27. The Reproductive System2h 5m
28. Human Development1h 21m
29. Heredity3h 32m

3. Energy & Cell Processes

DNA Repair

Anatomy & Physiology

3. Energy & Cell Processes

DNA Repair

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Multiple Choice

As a result of proofreading by DNA polymerases, the overall error rate in the completed DNA molecule is approximately __________.

1 error per 100 nucleotides

1 error per 1,000 nucleotides

1 error per 1,000,000 nucleotides

1 error per 1,000,000,000 nucleotides

1 error per 10,000,000,000 nucleotides

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Verified step by step guidance

Understand the role of DNA polymerases in DNA replication. DNA polymerases are enzymes that synthesize DNA molecules from deoxyribonucleotides, the building blocks of DNA. They play a crucial role in DNA replication and have proofreading abilities to ensure accuracy.

Learn about the proofreading function of DNA polymerases. During DNA replication, DNA polymerases can identify and correct mismatched nucleotides through a 3' to 5' exonuclease activity, which significantly reduces the error rate.

Consider the initial error rate before proofreading. Without proofreading, the error rate during DNA replication is higher, but the proofreading function of DNA polymerases reduces this rate significantly.

Evaluate the options given for the error rate after proofreading. The options range from 1 error per 100 nucleotides to 1 error per 1,000,000,000 nucleotides. The correct answer is typically much lower than the initial error rate due to the efficiency of the proofreading mechanism.

Recognize that the correct answer, 1 error per 10,000,000,000 nucleotides, reflects the high fidelity of DNA replication due to the proofreading activity of DNA polymerases, which ensures the genetic information is accurately passed on with minimal errors.