In what ways can a hormone modify the activities of its target cells?

Describe the chemical nature of hormones.

Define hormone.

Provide one example for each way endocrine glands are stimulated to release their hormones.

What four conditions cause the release of erythropoietin?

Which type of hormone receptor—plasma membrane bound or intracellular—would be expected to provide the most long-lived response to hormone binding and why?

In Type 2 diabetes, insulin levels are frequently normal, yet the target cells are less sensitive to the effects of insulin. This suggests that the target cells (a) are impermeable to insulin, (b) may lack enough insulin receptors, (c) cannot convert insulin to an active form, (d) have adequate internal supplies of glucose, (e) both b and c.

Roger has been extremely thirsty. He drinks numerous glasses of water every day and urinates a great deal. Name two disorders that could produce these signs and symptoms. What test could a clinician perform to determine which disorder Roger has?

Pamela and her teammates are considering taking anabolic steroids (synthetic hormones derived from testosterone) to enhance their competitive skills. What natural effects of testosterone are they hoping to gain? What additional side effects might these women expect should they begin an anabolic steroid regime?