Table of contents

1. Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology5h 43m
2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components12h 36m
3. Energy & Cell Processes10h 6m
4. Tissues & Histology10h 3m
5. Integumentary System2h 20m
6. Bones & Skeletal Tissue2h 16m
7. The Skeletal System2h 35m
8. Joints2h 17m
9. Muscle Tissue2h 33m
10. Muscles1h 11m
11. Nervous Tissue and Nervous System1h 35m
12. The Central Nervous System1h 6m
- Introduction to the Central Nervous System
  18m
- The Cerebrum
  48m
13. The Peripheral Nervous System1h 26m
14. The Autonomic Nervous System1h 38m
15. The Special Senses2h 41m
16. The Endocrine System2h 48m
17. The Blood3h 22m
18. The Heart2h 42m
19. The Blood Vessels3h 35m
20. The Lymphatic System3h 16m
21. The Immune System14h 37m
22. The Respiratory System3h 20m
23. The Digestive System2h 5m
24. Metabolism and Nutrition4h 0m
25. The Urinary System2h 39m
26. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance, Acid Base Balance37m
27. The Reproductive System2h 5m
28. Human Development1h 21m
29. Heredity3h 32m

3. Energy & Cell Processes

Fermentation & Anaerobic Respiration

Anatomy & Physiology

3. Energy & Cell Processes

Fermentation & Anaerobic Respiration

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Multiple Choice

Fermentation is essentially glycolysis plus an extra step in which pyruvate is reduced to form lactate or alcohol and carbon dioxide. This last step __________.

removes poisonous oxygen from the environment

extracts a bit more energy from glucose

prevents pyruvate from accumulating

enables the cell to make pyruvate into substances it can use

enables the cell to recycle the reduced NADH to oxidized NAD⁺

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Verified step by step guidance

Understand the process of glycolysis: Glycolysis is the first step in cellular respiration where glucose is broken down into two molecules of pyruvate, producing a net gain of 2 ATP and 2 NADH molecules.

Recognize the role of fermentation: In the absence of oxygen, cells undergo fermentation to continue producing ATP. Fermentation allows glycolysis to continue by regenerating NAD+ from NADH.

Identify the extra step in fermentation: This step involves the reduction of pyruvate to either lactate (in lactic acid fermentation) or ethanol and carbon dioxide (in alcoholic fermentation).

Connect the extra step to NAD+ regeneration: The reduction of pyruvate to lactate or ethanol allows NADH to be oxidized back to NAD+, which is essential for glycolysis to continue.

Conclude the purpose of the extra step: The primary function of this step is to recycle NADH to NAD+, enabling the cell to maintain glycolysis and continue producing ATP in anaerobic conditions.