Table of contents

1. Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology5h 43m
2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components12h 36m
3. Energy & Cell Processes10h 6m
4. Tissues & Histology10h 3m
5. Integumentary System2h 20m
6. Bones & Skeletal Tissue2h 16m
7. The Skeletal System2h 35m
8. Joints2h 17m
9. Muscle Tissue2h 33m
10. Muscles1h 11m
11. Nervous Tissue and Nervous System1h 35m
12. The Central Nervous System1h 6m
- Introduction to the Central Nervous System
  18m
- The Cerebrum
  48m
13. The Peripheral Nervous System1h 26m
14. The Autonomic Nervous System1h 38m
15. The Special Senses2h 41m
16. The Endocrine System2h 48m
17. The Blood3h 22m
18. The Heart2h 42m
19. The Blood Vessels3h 35m
20. The Lymphatic System3h 16m
21. The Immune System14h 37m
22. The Respiratory System3h 20m
23. The Digestive System2h 5m
24. Metabolism and Nutrition4h 0m
25. The Urinary System2h 39m
26. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance, Acid Base Balance37m
27. The Reproductive System2h 5m
28. Human Development1h 21m
29. Heredity3h 32m

21. The Immune System

Cell Communication: Cytokines

Anatomy & Physiology

21. The Immune System

Cell Communication: Cytokines

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Multiple Choice

During presentation of APC-bound antigen, macrophages and dendritic cells secrete the cytokine _____, which activates T helper cells.

Interferon.

Interleukin-1.

Interleukin-2.

Histamine.

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Verified step by step guidance

Understand the role of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) such as macrophages and dendritic cells in the immune response. These cells process and present antigens to T cells, initiating an immune response.

Recognize that cytokines are signaling molecules that mediate and regulate immunity, inflammation, and hematopoiesis. Different cytokines have specific roles in the immune system.

Identify the cytokine that is secreted by macrophages and dendritic cells during the presentation of APC-bound antigens. This cytokine is responsible for activating T helper cells.

Recall that Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is a cytokine produced by activated macrophages and dendritic cells. It plays a crucial role in the activation of T helper cells, promoting their proliferation and differentiation.

Differentiate between Interleukin-1 and other cytokines such as Interleukin-2, Interferon, and Histamine, understanding their distinct functions in the immune response. Interleukin-1 is specifically involved in the activation of T helper cells during antigen presentation.