Table of contents

1. Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology5h 43m
2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components12h 36m
3. Energy & Cell Processes10h 6m
4. Tissues & Histology10h 3m
5. Integumentary System2h 20m
6. Bones & Skeletal Tissue2h 16m
7. The Skeletal System2h 35m
8. Joints2h 17m
9. Muscle Tissue2h 33m
10. Muscles1h 11m
11. Nervous Tissue and Nervous System1h 35m
12. The Central Nervous System1h 6m
- Introduction to the Central Nervous System
  18m
- The Cerebrum
  48m
13. The Peripheral Nervous System1h 26m
14. The Autonomic Nervous System1h 38m
15. The Special Senses2h 41m
16. The Endocrine System2h 48m
17. The Blood3h 22m
18. The Heart2h 42m
19. The Blood Vessels3h 35m
20. The Lymphatic System3h 16m
21. The Immune System14h 37m
22. The Respiratory System3h 20m
23. The Digestive System2h 5m
24. Metabolism and Nutrition4h 0m
25. The Urinary System2h 39m
26. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance, Acid Base Balance37m
27. The Reproductive System2h 5m
28. Human Development1h 21m
29. Heredity3h 32m

3. Energy & Cell Processes

Cancer

Anatomy & Physiology

3. Energy & Cell Processes

Cancer

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Multiple Choice

Which of the following processes do normal proto-oncogenes typically exhibit?
a) They normally suppress tumor growth.
b) They enhance tumor growth.
c) They stimulate normal cell growth and division.
d) They are underexpressed in cancer cells.

They normally suppress tumor growth.

They enhance tumor growth.

They stimulate normal cell growth and division.

They are underexpressed in cancer cells.

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Verified step by step guidance

Understand the role of proto-oncogenes: Proto-oncogenes are genes that normally help cells grow. They are essential for normal cell function and division.

Differentiate between proto-oncogenes and oncogenes: When proto-oncogenes mutate, they can become oncogenes, which may lead to uncontrolled cell growth and potentially cancer.

Identify the normal function of proto-oncogenes: In their normal state, proto-oncogenes stimulate normal cell growth and division, ensuring that cells proliferate as needed for healthy tissue maintenance and repair.

Clarify the misconception about tumor suppression: Proto-oncogenes do not suppress tumor growth; rather, they promote normal cell growth. Tumor suppressor genes are responsible for inhibiting cell division and preventing tumor formation.

Recognize the expression levels in cancer cells: In cancer cells, proto-oncogenes may be overexpressed or mutated, leading to enhanced cell growth and division, contributing to tumor development.