Describe the anatomical relationship of the white and gray rami communicantes to the spinal nerve, and indicate the kind of fibers found in each ramus type.

Collateral sympathetic ganglia are involved with innervatinga. abdominal organs,b. thoracic organs,c. head,d. arrector pili,e. all of these.

Effects produced by the parasympathetic branch of the ANS include (a) dilation of the pupils, (b) increased secretion by digestive glands, (c) dilation of respiratory passages, (d) increased heart rate, (e) increased breakdown of glycogen by the liver.

Starting in the spinal cord, trace an action potential through the sympathetic division of the ANS until it reaches a target organ in the abdominopelvic region.

Briefly explain why the following terms are sometimes used to refer to the autonomic nervous system: involuntary nervous system and emotional-visceral system.

What are the major components of (c) the enteric nervous system?

Which of the effects listed in response to question 9 would be reversed by parasympathetic activity?

All preganglionic autonomic fibers release______at their axon terminals, and the effects are always_____. (a) norepinephrine, inhibitory, (b) norepinephrine, excitatory, (c) acetylcholine, excitatory, (d) acetylcholine, inhibitory.

The neurotransmitter at all synapses and neuromuscular or neuroglandular junctions in the parasympathetic division of the ANS is (a) epinephrine, (b) norepinephrine, (c) cyclic-AMP, (d) acetylcholine.