The type of skin tumor that involves the keratinocytes of the stratum spinosum is:


a. basal cell carcinoma.
b. squamous cell carcinoma.
c. malignant keratocytoma.
d. malignant melanoma.

Epidermal ridges are created by:

a. the epidermal papillae.

b. mounds of papillary dermis arranged into dermal ridges.

c. gaps between collagen bundles in the reticular layer.

d. tight binding of the reticular layer to deeper structures.

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

c. Carotene is a brown-black pigment that accumulates in the stratum corneum.

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

d. Increased amounts of blood flowing through the dermis lead to pallor in the skin.

Which type of burn involves the epidermis and all or part of the dermis?

a. First-degree burn

b. Second-degree burn

c. Third-degree burn

d. Fourth-degree burn

After Ramon's skin came into contact with a poison ivy plant in biology lab, he developed a painful, itchy rash. However, after the skin of his colleague Cathy came into contact with snake venom in lab, she developed no skin irritation. Poison ivy plants contain lipid-soluble oils, whereas snake venoms contain mostly water-soluble peptides. Explain why Ramon developed a rash, whereas Cathy did not.

Many antiaging skin creams contain collagen and hyaluronic acid. Manufacturers claim that the collagen and hyaluronic acid applied to the surface of the skin will be absorbed into the dermis, where they will be incorporated into dermal tissue.

b. Are these substances polar or nonpolar?

Many antiaging skin creams contain collagen and hyaluronic acid. Manufacturers claim that the collagen and hyaluronic acid applied to the surface of the skin will be absorbed into the dermis, where they will be incorporated into dermal tissue.

d. Predict the effectiveness of the creams.

Many antiaging skin creams contain collagen and hyaluronic acid. Manufacturers claim that the collagen and hyaluronic acid applied to the surface of the skin will be absorbed into the dermis, where they will be incorporated into dermal tissue.

d. Predict the effectiveness of the creams.