Where does the normal vector point for a spherical shell?

Charges q₁ = -4Q and q2 = +2Q are located at 𝓍 = -a and 𝓍 = + a, respectively. What is the net electric flux through a sphere of radius 2a centered (a) at the origin and (b) at 𝓍 = 2a?

FIGURE P31.38 shows the electric field inside a cylinder of radius R=3.0 mm. The field strength is increasing with time as E=1.0×10^8t^2 V/m, where t is in s. The electric field outside the cylinder is always zero, and the field inside the cylinder was zero for t<0.a. Find an expression for the electric flux Φₑ through the entire cylinder as a function of time.

All examples of Gauss’s law have used highly symmetric surfaces where the flux integral is either zero or EA. Yet we’ve claimed that the net Φₑ = Qᵢₙ / ϵ₀ is independent of the surface. This is worth checking. FIGURE CP24.57 shows a cube of edge length L centered on a long thin wire with linear charge density λ. The flux through one face of the cube is not simply EA because, in this case, the electric field varies in both strength and direction. But you can calculate the flux by actually doing the flux integral. (a) Consider the face parallel to the yz-plane. Define area dA (→ above A) as a strip of width dy and height L with the vector pointing in the 𝓍-direction. One such strip is located at position y. Use the known electric field of a wire to calculate the electric flux dΦ through this little area. Your expression should be written in terms of y, which is a variable, and various constants. It should not explicitly contain any angles.

A uniform electric field points in the positive x direction and has a magnitude of $40\mathrm{N}/\mathrm{C}$. What is the total flux through a rectangle with height $20\mathrm{cm}$ and width $45\mathrm{cm}$? The rectangle lies in the y-z plane.

A uniform electric field points in the positive x direction and has a magnitude of $40\mathrm{N}/\mathrm{C}$. What is the net flux through a cube with sides $4.0\mathrm{cm}$? The cube has one corner on the origin and the positive x, y, and z axes form three of its edges.

A cube has sides of $4.0\mathrm{cm}$. Inside the cube is a $20\mathrm{nC}$ and a $-30\mathrm{nC}$ charge. What is the net flux through the cube?