The term dermatophyte refers to_____.

a. pathogenicity

b. where a fungus grows

c. method of spread

d. pigmentation

Indicate whether each statement is true or false. If the statement is false, change the underlined word or phrase to make the statement true.

_____ Relapse of fungal diseases is common in AIDS patients.

Pneumocystis was once classified as a _____, but now it is classified as a_____.

Which of the following subcutaneous mycoses may exhibit respiratory and cerebral forms?

a. Chromoblastomycosis

b. Mycetoma

c. Phaeohyphomycosis

d. Sporotrichosis

Indicate whether each statement is true or false. If the statement is false, change the underlined word or phrase to make the statement true.

_____ Almost everyone has allergies to fungal elements.

Which of the following systemic mycoses is endemic to the deserts of the southwestern

United States?

a. Blastomycosis

b. Coccidioidomycosis

c. Histoplasmosis

d. Paracoccidioidomycosis

Ergot alkaloids are produced by some strains of the genus _____ .

A spherule stage is seen in humans infected with what organism?

a. Blastomyces dermatitidis

b. Coccidioides immitis

c. Histoplasma capsulatum

d. Paracoccidioides brasiliensis

Of the following fungal diseases, which is found in almost all terminal AIDS patients?

a. Chromoblastomycosis

b. Blastomycosis

c. Candidiasis

d. Mycetoma

The number of mycoses and cases of microsporidiosis worldwide are rising, in part because ______.

a. the number of fungi in the environment is rising

b. the number of immunocompromised individuals in the population is rising

c. fungi have become more pathogenic

d. fungi are developing a new tendency to spread between people

Fungal allergens generally stimulate what type of reaction?

a. Type I hypersensitivity

b. Type II hypersensitivity

c. Type III hypersensitivity

d. Type IV hypersensitivity

A pathogenic feature of Cryptococcus neoformans is _________.

a. production of destructive enzymes

b. production of a capsule

c. infection of immune cells

d. variation of surface antigens to avoid immune system recognition

The most common manifestation of Cryptococcus infection in AIDS patients is ________.

a. blindness

b. cutaneous infection

c. meningitis

d. pneumonia

Bread mold can cause which disease?

a. Aspergillosis

b. Dermatophytosis

c. Mycetoma

d. Zygomycosis

Mycetismus is caused by _______.

a. inhalation of fungal allergens

b. ingestion of mushrooms

c. traumatic inoculation of fungi beneath the skin

d. close contact with infected individuals

One of the more poisonous mycotoxins is produced by _________.

a. Amanita phalloides

b. Amanita muscaria

c. Psilocybe cubensis

d. Claviceps purpurea

Which of the following predisposing factors would leave a patient with the greatest long-term risk of acquiring a fungal infection?

a. Invasive medical procedures

b. AIDS

c. Chronic illness such as diabetes

d. Short-term treatment with antibacterial agents