Textbook Question
Why is ATP considered an energy-rich compound?
Ch.18 Metabolic Pathways and ATP Production
Timberlake13th EditionChemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological ChemistryISBN: 9780134421353
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Table of contents
- Ch.1 Chemistry in Our Lives11
- Ch.2 Chemistry and Measurements80
- Ch.3 Matter and Energy54
- Ch.4 Atoms and Elements51
- Ch.5 Nuclear Chemistry42
- Ch.6 Ionic and Molecular Compounds57
- Ch.7 Chemical Quantities and Reactions41
- Ch.8 Gases29
- Ch.9 Solutions51
- Ch.10 Acids and Bases and Equilibrium65
- Ch.11 Introduction to Organic Chemistry: Hydrocarbons78
- Ch.12 Alcohols, Thiols, Ethers, Aldehydes, and Ketones83
- Ch.13 Carbohydrates54
- Ch.14 Carboxylic Acids, Esters, Amines, and Amides90
- Ch.15 Lipids61
- Ch.16 Amino Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes84
- Ch.17 Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis83
- Ch.18 Metabolic Pathways and ATP Production67
Timberlake13th EditionChemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological ChemistryISBN: 9780134421353Not the one you use?Change textbook
Chapter 18, Problem 28c
How many ATP or NADH are produced (or required) in each of the following steps in glycolysis?
c. phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate
Verified step by step guidance1
Step 1: Understand the context of the reaction. The conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to pyruvate is the final step in glycolysis, catalyzed by the enzyme pyruvate kinase.
Step 2: Recall that this step is a substrate-level phosphorylation reaction. During this process, a phosphate group from phosphoenolpyruvate is transferred to ADP to form ATP.
Step 3: Write the chemical equation for the reaction: .
Step 4: Note that for each molecule of phosphoenolpyruvate converted to pyruvate, one molecule of ATP is produced. This is a net gain of ATP in glycolysis.
Step 5: Summarize the result: The conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate produces 1 ATP per molecule of phosphoenolpyruvate.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Glycolysis
Glycolysis is a metabolic pathway that converts glucose into pyruvate, producing energy in the form of ATP and NADH. It occurs in the cytoplasm of cells and consists of ten enzymatic reactions, divided into two phases: the energy investment phase and the energy payoff phase. Understanding glycolysis is essential for analyzing energy production in cellular respiration.
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Glycolysis Concept 5
Phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP)
Phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) is a high-energy intermediate in glycolysis, formed from 2-phosphoglycerate. It plays a crucial role in the final step of glycolysis, where it is converted to pyruvate by the enzyme pyruvate kinase. This reaction is significant because it generates ATP through substrate-level phosphorylation, contributing to the overall energy yield of glycolysis.
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1:31Glycolysis Example 4
ATP and NADH Production
During glycolysis, ATP and NADH are produced through various reactions. Specifically, the conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate generates one ATP molecule via substrate-level phosphorylation. Additionally, glycolysis produces two NADH molecules per glucose molecule, which are crucial for further energy production in aerobic respiration.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
How is ATP used in the initial steps of glycolysis?
Textbook Question
How many ATP or NADH are produced (or required) in each of the following steps in glycolysis?
a. glucose to glucose-6-phosphate
Textbook Question
What coenzymes are needed for the oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA?
Textbook Question
How does the formation of lactate permit glycolysis to continue under anaerobic conditions?
Textbook Question
What are the products from one turn of the citric acid cycle?