Which of the following point mutations changes a purine nucleotide to a pyrminidine nucleotide?

Base-substitution mutations often change the amino acid specified by a codon. For each of the amino acid changes listed, determine which ones can result from a one–base-pair substitution. For those that can result from a one–base-pair substitution, give the possible wild-type and mutant codons, listing multiple possibilities if there is more than one option. (Use either Figure 9.13 or the genetic code in Table A to help solve this problem).

Wild-type       Mutant
a. Ser               Ala
b. Cys              Ser
c. Pro               Glu
d. Lys               Stop
e. Met               His
f. Met                Ile

The two gels illustrated contain dideoxynucleotide DNA-sequencing information for a wild-type segment and mutant segment of DNA corresponding to the N-terminal end of a protein. The start codon and the next five codons are sequenced.

What is the cause of the mutation?

A mutation occurred that changed the sequence 5' AAGCTTGC 3' to 5' AAGCTTTGC 3'. What is the name for this type of mutation?

Which of the following mutations changes one codon to a chemically different amino acid?

Changes in the codon reading frame can be caused from all but which of the following?

Identify the normal functions of the following genes whose mutations are associated with the development of cancer.

c-MYC(Burkitt lymphoma)

Identify the normal functions of the following genes whose mutations are associated with the development of cancer.

APC(familial adenomatous polyposis)

Identify the normal functions of the following genes whose mutations are associated with the development of cancer.

Which of these genes would you classify as a proto-oncogene and which as a tumor suppressor gene? Explain your categorization for each gene.