Two theoretical genetic strains of a virus (a⁻b⁻c⁻ and a⁺b⁺c⁺) were used to simultaneously infect a culture of host bacteria. Of 10,000 plaques scored, the following genotypes were observed. Determine the genetic map of these three genes on the viral chromosome. Decide whether interference was positive or negative.a⁺ b⁺ c⁺ 4100 a⁻ b⁺ c⁻ 160a⁻ b⁻ c⁻ 3990 a⁺ b⁻ c⁺ 140a⁺ b⁻ c⁻ 740 a⁻ b⁻ c⁺ 90a⁻ b⁺ c⁺ 670 a⁺ b⁺ c⁻ 110

Describe what is meant by the term site-specific recombination as used in identifying the processes that lead to the integration of temperate bacteriophages into host bacterial chromosomes during lysogeny or to the formation of specialized transducing phage.

What is a prophage, and how is a prophage formed?

Describe the differences between genetic complementation and recombination as they relate to the detection of wild-type lysis by a mutant bacteriophage.

Seven deletion mutations (1 to 7 in the table below) are tested for their ability to form wild-type recombinants with five point mutations (a to e). The symbol "+"  indicates that wild-type recombination occurs, and "-" indicates that wild types are not formed. Use the data to construct a genetic map of the order of point mutations, and indicate the segment deleted by each deletion mutation.