A bacterial inducible operon, similar to the lac operon, contains three genes—R, T, and S—that are involved in coordinated regulation of transcription. One of these genes is an operator region, one is a regulatory protein, and the third produces a structural enzyme. In the table below, '+' indicates that the structural enzyme is synthesized and '−' indicates that it is not produced. Use the information provided to determine which gene is the operator, which produces the regulatory protein, and which produces the enzyme.
Genotype Enzyme Synthesis
Inducer Present Inducer Absent
R⁺S⁺T⁺ + –
R⁻S⁺T⁺ – –
R⁺S⁻T⁺ + +
R⁺S⁻T⁺ + +
R⁻S⁺T⁺/R⁺S⁻T⁻ + +
R⁺S⁻T⁺/R⁻S⁺T⁻ + +
R⁺S⁺T⁻/R⁻S⁻T⁺ + –
Table of contents
- 1. Introduction to Genetics51m
- 2. Mendel's Laws of Inheritance3h 37m
- 3. Extensions to Mendelian Inheritance2h 41m
- 4. Genetic Mapping and Linkage2h 28m
- 5. Genetics of Bacteria and Viruses1h 21m
- 6. Chromosomal Variation1h 48m
- 7. DNA and Chromosome Structure56m
- 8. DNA Replication1h 10m
- 9. Mitosis and Meiosis1h 34m
- 10. Transcription1h 0m
- 11. Translation58m
- 12. Gene Regulation in Prokaryotes1h 19m
- 13. Gene Regulation in Eukaryotes44m
- 14. Genetic Control of Development44m
- 15. Genomes and Genomics1h 50m
- 16. Transposable Elements47m
- 17. Mutation, Repair, and Recombination1h 6m
- 18. Molecular Genetic Tools19m
- 19. Cancer Genetics29m
- 20. Quantitative Genetics1h 26m
- 21. Population Genetics50m
- 22. Evolutionary Genetics29m
12. Gene Regulation in Prokaryotes
Lac Operon
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What happens to the lac operon when lactose concentration is high?
A
The lac operon is activated, and lactose is synthesized
B
The lac operon is activated, and lactose is broken down
C
The lac operon is repressed, and lactose is synthesized
D
The lac operon is repressed, and lactose is broken down

1
Understand the role of the lac operon: The lac operon is a set of genes responsible for the metabolism of lactose in bacteria, primarily E. coli. It includes genes that code for proteins needed to transport and break down lactose into glucose and galactose.
Identify the components of the lac operon: The operon consists of three structural genes (lacZ, lacY, and lacA), a promoter, an operator, and a repressor protein. The lacZ gene encodes β-galactosidase, which breaks down lactose.
Recognize the effect of lactose on the lac operon: When lactose is present, it acts as an inducer by binding to the repressor protein, causing a conformational change that prevents the repressor from binding to the operator. This allows RNA polymerase to transcribe the operon's genes.
Determine the outcome of high lactose concentration: With the repressor inactivated by lactose, the operon is 'turned on' or activated, leading to the transcription of the genes necessary for lactose metabolism.
Conclude the process: The activation of the lac operon results in the production of enzymes that break down lactose into simpler sugars, thus the correct statement is that the lac operon is activated, and lactose is broken down.
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