- Calculate the mass of nitrogen dissolved at room temperature in an 80.0-L home aquarium, assuming a total pressure of 1.0 atm and a mole fraction for nitrogen of 0.78.
Problem 49
Problem 51a
An aqueous NaCl solution is made using 112 g of NaCl diluted to a total solution volume of 1.00 L. Calculate the molarity of the solution. (Assume a density of 1.08 g/mL for the solution.)
Problem 51b
An aqueous NaCl solution is made using 112 g of NaCl diluted to a total solution volume of 1.00 L. Calculate the molality of the solution. (Assume a density of 1.08 g/mL for the solution.)
Problem 51c
An aqueous NaCl solution is made using 112 g of NaCl diluted to a total solution volume of 1.00 L. Calculate the mass percent of the solution. (Assume a density of 1.08 g/mL for the solution.)
Problem 52a
An aqueous KNO3 solution is made using 72.5 g of KNO3 diluted to a total solution volume of 2.00 L. Calculate the molarity of the solution. (Assume a density of 1.05 g/mL for the solution.)
Problem 52b
An aqueous KNO3 solution is made using 72.5 g of KNO3 diluted to a total solution volume of 2.00 L. Calculate the molality of the solution. (Assume a density of 1.05 g/mL for the solution.)
Problem 52c
An aqueous KNO3 solution is made using 72.5 g of KNO3 diluted to a total solution volume of 2.00 L. Calculate the mass percent of the solution. (Assume a density of 1.05 g/mL for the solution.)
Problem 53
To what volume should you dilute 50.0 mL of a 5.00 M KI solution so that 25.0 mL of the diluted solution contains 3.05 g of KI?
- To what volume should you dilute 125 mL of an 8.00 M CuCl2 solution so that 50.0 mL of the diluted solution contains 4.67 g of CuCl2?
Problem 54
Problem 55
Silver nitrate solutions are often used to plate silver onto other metals. What is the maximum amount of silver (in grams) that can be plated out of 4.8 L of an AgNO3 solution containing 3.4% Ag by mass? Assume that the density of the solution is 1.01 g/mL.
Problem 56
A dioxin-contaminated water source contains 0.085% dioxin by mass. How much dioxin is present in 2.5 L of this water? Assume a density of 1.00 g/mL.
- A hard water sample contains 0.0085% Ca by mass (in the form of Ca2+ ions). How much water (in grams) contains 1.2 g of Ca? (1.2 g of Ca is the recommended daily allowance of calcium for adults between 19 and 24 years old.)
Problem 57
Problem 58
Lead is a toxic metal that affects the central nervous system. A Pb-contaminated water sample contains 0.0011% Pb by mass. How much of the water (in mL) contains 150 mg of Pb? (Assume a density of 1.0 g/mL.)
- You can purchase nitric acid in a concentrated form that is 70.3% HNO3 by mass and has a density of 1.41 g>mL. Describe exactly how you would prepare 1.15 L of 0.100 M HNO3 from the concentrated solution.
Problem 59
Problem 61
Describe how to prepare each solution from the dry solute and the solvent. a. 1.00×102 mL of 0.500 M KCl b. 1.00×102 g of 0.500 m KCl c. 1.00×102 g of 5.0% KCl solution by mass
Problem 62b
Describe how to prepare each solution from the dry solute and the solvent. b. 125 g of 0.100 m NaNO3
Problem 62c
Describe how to prepare each solution from the dry solute and the solvent. c. 125 g of 1.0% NaNO3 solution by mass
- For a solution prepared by dissolving 28.4 g of glucose (C6H12O6) in 355 g of water with a final volume of 378 mL, calculate the concentration in each unit: a. molarity, b. molality, c. percent by mass, d. mole fraction, e. mole percent.
Problem 63
Problem 64a
A solution is prepared by dissolving 20.2 mL of methanol (CH3OH) in 100.0 mL of water at 25 °C. The final volume of the solution is 118 mL. The densities of methanol and water at this temperature are 0.782 g/mL and 1.00 g/mL, respectively. For this solution, calculate the concentration in each unit. a. molarity
Problem 64b
A solution is prepared by dissolving 20.2 mL of methanol (CH3OH) in 100.0 mL of water at 25 °C. The final volume of the solution is 118 mL. The densities of methanol and water at this temperature are 0.782 g/mL and 1.00 g/mL, respectively. For this solution, calculate the concentration in each unit. b. molality
Problem 64c
A solution is prepared by dissolving 20.2 mL of methanol (CH3OH) in 100.0 mL of water at 25 °C. The final volume of the solution is 118 mL. The densities of methanol and water at this temperature are 0.782 g/mL and 1.00 g/mL, respectively. For this solution, calculate the concentration in each unit. c. percent by mass
Problem 64d
A solution is prepared by dissolving 20.2 mL of methanol (CH3OH) in 100.0 mL of water at 25 °C. The final volume of the solution is 118 mL. The densities of methanol and water at this temperature are 0.782 g/mL and 1.00 g/mL, respectively. For this solution, calculate the concentration in each unit. d. mole fraction
Problem 64e
A solution is prepared by dissolving 20.2 mL of methanol (CH3OH) in 100.0 mL of water at 25 °C. The final volume of the solution is 118 mL. The densities of methanol and water at this temperature are 0.782 g/mL and 1.00 g/mL, respectively. For this solution, calculate the concentration in each unit. e. mole percent
Problem 65
Household hydrogen peroxide is an aqueous solution containing 3.0% hydrogen peroxide by mass. What is the molarity of this solution? (Assume a density of 1.01 g/mL.)
Problem 66
One brand of laundry bleach is an aqueous solution containing 4.55% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) by mass. What is the molarity of this solution? (Assume a density of 1.02 g/mL.)
Problem 67
An aqueous solution contains 36% HCl by mass. Calculate the molality and mole fraction of the solution.
- An aqueous solution contains 5.0% NaCl by mass. How do you calculate the molality and mole fraction of the solution?
Problem 68
- Which beaker shows a greater decrease in liquid level after being left side by side on a lab bench for 1 week, a beaker with 100.0 mL of pure water or a beaker with 100.0 mL of seawater, and why?
Problem 69
Problem 70
Which solution has the highest vapor pressure? a. 20.0 g of glucose (C6H12O6) in 100.0 mL of water b. 20.0 g of sucrose (C12H22O11) in 100.0 mL of water c. 10.0 g of potassium acetate KC2H3O2 in 100.0 mL of water
Problem 71
Calculate the vapor pressure of a solution containing 24.5 g of glycerin (C3H8O3) in 135 mL of water at 30.0 °C. The vapor pressure of pure water at this temperature is 31.8 torr. Assume that glycerin is not volatile and dissolves molecularly (i.e., it is not ionic), and use a density of 1.00 g/mL for the water.
Ch.13 - Solutions