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Problem 76
How many grams of the dry-cleaning solvent 1,2-dichloroethane (also called ethylene chloride), C2H4Cl2, can be prepared by reaction of 15.4 g of ethylene, C2H4, with 3.74 g of Cl2?
Problem 77a
How many grams of each product result from the following reactions, and how many grams of which reactant is left over? (a)
Problem 77b
How many grams of each product result from the following reactions, and how many grams of which reactant is left over? (b)
Problem 78
Limestone (CaCO3) reacts with hydrochloric acid according to the equation CaCO3 + 2 HCl ---> CaCl2 + H2O + CO2. If 1.00 mol of CO2 has a volume of 22.4 L under the reaction conditions, how many liters of gas can be formed by reaction of 2.35 g of CaCO3 with 2.35 g of HCl? Which reactant is limiting?
- Sodium azide (NaN3) yields N2 gas when heated to 300 °C, a reaction used in automobile air bags. If 1.00 mol of N2 has a volume of 47.0 L under the reaction conditions, how many liters of gas can be formed by heating 38.5 g of NaN3? The reaction is
Problem 79
- Acetic acid (CH3CO2H) reacts with isopentyl alcohol (C5H12O) to yield isopentyl acetate (C7H14O2), a fragrant substance with the odor of bananas. If the yield from the reaction of acetic acid with isopentyl alcohol is 45%, how many grams of isopentyl acetate are formed from 3.58 g of acetic acid and 4.75 g of isopentyl alcohol? The reaction is CH3CO2H + C5H12O ---> C7H14O2 + H2O
Problem 80
- Cisplatin [Pt(NH3)2Cl2], a compound used in cancer treat-ment, is prepared by reaction of ammonia with potassium tetrachloroplatinate: K2PtCl4 + 2 NH3 ----> 2 KCl + Pt(NH3)2Cl2 How many grams of cisplatin are formed from 55.8 g of K2PtCl4 and 35.6 g of NH3 if the reaction takes place in 95% yield based on the limiting reactant?
Problem 81
- If 1.87 g of acetic acid (CH3COOH) reacts with 2.31 g of isopentyl alcohol (C5H12O) to give 2.96 g of isopentyl acetate (C7H14O2), what is the percent yield of the reaction?
Problem 82
- If 3.42 g of K2PtCl4 and 1.61 g of NH3 give 2.08 g of cispla-tin (Problem 3.81), what is the percent yield of the reaction?
Problem 83
Problem 84a
The reaction of tungsten hexachloride (WCl6) with bismuth gives hexatungsten dodecachloride (W6Cl12).
WCl6 + Bi → W6Cl12 + BiCl3 Unbalanced
(a) Balance the equation.
Problem 84b
The reaction of tungsten hexachloride (WCl6) with bismuth gives hexatungsten dodecachloride (W6Cl12).
WCl6 + Bi → W6Cl12 + BiCl3 Unbalanced
(b) How many grams of bismuth react with 150.0 g of WCl6?
Problem 84c
The reaction of tungsten hexachloride (WCl6) with bismuth gives hexatungsten dodecachloride (W6Cl12).
WCl6 + Bi → W6Cl12 + BiCl3 Unbalanced
(c) When 228 g of WCl6 react with 175 g of Bi, how much W6Cl12 is formed based on the limiting reactant?
Problem 85a
Sodium borohydride, NaBH4, a substance used in the synthesis of many pharmaceutical agents, can be prepared by reaction of NaH with B2H6 according to the equation 2 NaH + B2H6 → 2 NaBH4
(a) How many grams of NaBH4 can be prepared by reaction between 8.55 g of NaH and 6.75 g of B2H6?
Problem 85b
Sodium borohydride, NaBH4, a substance used in the synthesis of many pharmaceutical agents, can be prepared by reaction of NaH with B2H6 according to the equation 2 NaH + B2H6 → 2 NaBH4
(b) Which reactant is limiting, and how many grams of the excess reactant will be left over?
- Urea, a substance commonly used as a fertilizer, has the for-mula CH4N2O. What is its percent composition by mass?
Problem 86
Problem 87a
Calculate the mass percent composition of each of the following substances. (a) Malachite, a copper-containing mineral: Cu2(OH)2CO3
Problem 87b
Calculate the mass percent composition of each of the following substances. (b) Acetaminophen, a headache remedy: C8H9NO2
Problem 87c
Calculate the mass percent composition of each of the following substances. (c) Prussian blue, an ink pigment: Fe4[Fe(CN)6]3
Problem 88a
What are the empirical formulas of substances with the following mass percent compositions? (a) Aspirin: 4.48% H, 60.00% C, 35.52% O
Problem 88b
What are the empirical formulas of substances with the following mass percent compositions? (b) Ilmenite (a titanium-containing ore): 31.63% O, 31.56% Ti, 36.81% Fe
Problem 88c
What are the empirical formulas of substances with the following mass percent compositions? (c) Sodium thiosulfate (photographic 'fixer'): 30.36% O, 29.08% Na, 40.56% S
- Ferrocene, a substance proposed for use as a gasoline additive, has the percent composition 5.42% H, 64.56% C, and 30.02% Fe. What is the empirical formula of ferrocene?
Problem 89
- What is the empirical formula of stannous fluoride, the first fluoride compound added to toothpaste to protect teeth against decay? Its mass percent composition is 24.25% F, 75.75% Sn.
Problem 90
Problem 91a
What are the empirical formulas of each of the following substances? (a) Ibuprofen, a headache remedy: 75.69% C, 15.51% O, 8.80% H
Problem 91b
What are the empirical formulas of each of the following substances? (b) Magnetite, a naturally occurring magnetic mineral: 72.36% Fe, 27.64% O
Problem 91c
What are the empirical formulas of each of the following substances? (c) Zircon, a mineral from which cubic zirconia is made: 34.91% O, 15.32% Si, 49.77% Zr
- An unknown liquid is composed of 5.57% H, 28.01% Cl, and 66.42% C. The molecular weight found by mass spectrometry is 126.58. What is the molecular formula of the compound?
Problem 92
- An unknown liquid is composed of 34.31% C, 5.28% H, and 60.41% I. The molecular weight found by mass spectrometry is 210.06. What is the molecular formula of the compound?
Problem 93
- Combustion analysis of 45.62 mg of toluene, a commonly used solvent, gives 35.67 mg of H2O and 152.5 mg of CO2. What is the empirical formula of toluene?
Problem 94
- Coniine, a toxic substance isolated from poison hemlock, contains only carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen. Combus-tion analysis of a 5.024 mg sample yields 13.90 mg of CO2 and 6.048 mg of H2O. What is the empirical formula of coniine?
Problem 95