Ch.22 - The Main Group Elements
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Problem 1
Which of the following elements is the best conductor of electricity? (LO 22.1)
(a) N (b) As
(c) P (d) Bi
Problem 4
Which element will react most vigorously with water, and what is the reaction that occurs?
(a) Lithium; 2 Li(s) + 2 H2O(l) → 2 Li+(aq) + 2 H–(aq) + H2O2(aq)
(b) Potassium; 2 K(s) + 2 H2O(l) → 2 K+(aq) + 2 OH–(aq) + H2(g)
(c) Magnesium; Mg(s) + 2 H2O(l) → Mg2+(aq) + 2 OH–(aq) + H2(g)
(d) Barium; Ba(s) + 2 H2O(l) → Ba2+(aq) + 2 H–(aq) + H2O2(aq)
- Draw the electron-dot structure for BH3. What are the hybrid orbitals used by boron to form bonds with hydrogen, and will BH3 act as a Lewis acid or a Lewis base? (LO 22.9) (a) sp3; Lewis acid (b) sp3; Lewis base (c) sp2; Lewis acid (d) sp2; Lewis base
Problem 5
- The silicate anion in the mineral kinoite is represented by the following structure. The mineral also contains Ca2+ ions, Cu2+ ions, and water molecules in a 1:1:1 ratio. What are the formula and charge of the silicate anion, and what is the complete formula for the mineral? (LO 22.11)
Problem 6
(a) Si3O10^8-; Ca2Cu2Si3O10 · 2 H2O (b) Si3O8^10-; Ca3Cu2Si3O8 · 2 H2O (c) Si3O4^4-; CaCuSi3O8 · H2O (d) Si3O12^12-; Ca3Cu3Si3O12 · 3 H2O - Write chemical equations for the reaction of potassium with the following substances, ensuring that the numbers and kinds of atoms are the same on both sides of the equations. If no reaction occurs, write N.R. (b) Br₂ (c) O₂
Problem 7
- Describe the shape of each of the following molecules or ions, and tell which hybrid orbitals are used by the central atom. (a) GeBr4 (b) CO2 (c) CO32- (d) SnCl3-
Problem 9