Brown - Chemistry: The Central Science 15th Edition - Chapter 9

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Ch.9 - Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories

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Brown 15th Edition

Ch.9 - Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories

Problem 21
In which of these molecules or ions does the presence of nonbonding electron pairs produce an effect on the molecular shape? (a) CO2, (b) CH2Br2, (c) OF2, (d) BCl3, (e) SF6.
Problem 22
In which of the following molecules can you confidently predict the bond angles about the central atom, and for which would you be a bit uncertain? Explain in each case. (a) H2S, (b) BCl3, (c) CH3I, (d) CBr4, (e) TeBr4.
Problem 23
Give the electron-domain and molecular geometries of a molecule that has the following electron domains on its central atom: (a) four bonding domains and no nonbonding domains (b) three bonding domains and two nonbonding domains (c) five bonding domains and one nonbonding domain (d) four bonding domains and two nonbonding domains.
Problem 24
What are the electron-domain and molecular geometries of a molecule that has the following electron domains on its central atom? (a) Three bonding domains and no nonbonding domains (b) Three bonding domains and one nonbonding domain (c) Two bonding domains and two nonbonding domains.
Problem 25a
Give the electron-domain and molecular geometries for the following molecules and ions: a. HCN
Problem 25c
Give the electron-domain and molecular geometries for the following molecules and ions: c. SF4
Problem 26
Draw the Lewis structure for each of the following molecules or ions, and predict their electron-domain and molecular geometries: (a) AsF₃ (b) CH₃⁺ (c) BrF₃ (d) ClO₃^- (e) XeF₂ (f) BrO₂^-
Problem 28a1
The figure that follows contains ball-and-stick drawings of three possible shapes of an AF4 molecule. (a) For each shape, give the electron-domain geometry on which the molecular geometry is based. i.
Problem 28a3
The figure that follows contains ball-and-stick drawings of three possible shapes of an AF4 molecule. (a) For each shape, give the electron-domain geometry on which the molecular geometry is based. iii.
Problem 28a2
The figure that follows contains ball-and-stick drawings of three possible shapes of an AF4 molecule. (a) For each shape, give the electron-domain geometry on which the molecular geometry is based. ii.
Problem 28c
The figure that follows contains ball-and-stick drawings of three possible shapes of an AF4 molecule. (c) Which of the following elements will lead to an AF4 molecule with the shape in (iii): Be, C, S, Se, Si, Xe? i.
ii.

iii.
Problem 29a
Give the approximate values for the indicated bond angles in the following molecules: (a)
Problem 29c
Give the approximate values for the indicated bond angles in the following molecules: (c)
Problem 30a
Give the approximate values for the indicated bond angles in the following molecules: (a)
Problem 30d
Give the approximate values for the indicated bond angles in the following molecules: (d)
Problem 31
Ammonia, NH3, reacts with incredibly strong bases to produce the amide ion, NH2-. Ammonia can also react with acids to produce the ammonium ion, NH4+. (a) Which species (amide ion, ammonia, or ammonium ion) has the largest H¬N¬H bond angle? (b) Which species has the smallest H¬N¬H bond angle?
Problem 32
In which of the following AF_n molecules or ions is there more than one F-A-F bond angle: PF₆⁻, SbF₅, SF₄?
Problem 33a
Consider the following XF₄ ions: PF₄^-, BrF₄^-, ClF₄⁺, and AlF₄^-. (a) Which of the ions have more than an octet of electrons around the central atom?
Problem 33c
Consider the following XF4 ions: PF4-, BrF4-, ClF4+, and AlF4-. (c) Which of the ions will have an octahedral electron-domain geometry?
Problem 34
Name the proper three-dimensional molecular shapes for each of the following molecules or ions, showing lone pairs as needed: (a) ClO2- (b) SO4 2- (c) NF3 (d) CCl2Br2 (e) SF4 2+
Problem 35
Which of the following statements are true?
i. The overall dipole moment of a molecule is the vector sum of its individual bond dipoles.
ii. If atoms A and B in an AB𝑛 molecule have different electronegativities, then the AB𝑛 molecule must have a nonzero dipole moment.
iii. The bond dipoles in a tetrahedral AB4 molecule cancel one another.
Problem 36
Consider a molecule with the formula AX2. Supposing the A-X bond is polar, how would you expect the dipole moment of the AX2 molecule to change as the X-A-X bond angle decreases from 180° to 100°?
Problem 37a
a. Does SCl2 have a nonzero dipole moment?
Problem 38b
(b) It turns out that ozone, O₃, has a small dipole moment. How is this possible, given that all the atoms are the same?
Problem 39c
(c) Does the molecule BF₂Cl have a dipole moment?
Problem 40a
a. Consider the AF3 molecules in Exercise 9.27. Which of these will have a nonzero dipole moment?
Problem 41
Predict whether each of the following molecules is polar or nonpolar: (a) IF, (b) CS2, (c) SO3, (d) PCl3, (e) SF6, (f) IF5.
Problem 42
Predict whether each of the following molecules is polar or nonpolar: (a) CCl4, (b) NH3, (c) SF4, (d) XeF4, (e) CH3Br, (f) GaH3.
Problem 43b
Dichloroethylene (C₂H₂Cl₂) has three forms (isomers), each of which is a different substance. (b) Which of these isomers has a zero dipole moment?
Problem 43c
Dichloroethylene (C₂H₂Cl₂) has three forms (isomers), each of which is a different substance. (c) How many isomeric forms can chloroethylene, C2H3Cl, have? Would they be expected to have dipole moments?