For each of these contour representations of molecular orbitals, identify (b) the type of MO (s or p) (i)

Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Look at the contour representation of the molecular orbital. The shape of the orbital can give you a clue about its type.

Step 2: If the orbital is spherical or near-spherical, it is an s orbital. S orbitals are characterized by their spherical symmetry around the nucleus.

Step 3: If the orbital has a dumbbell shape or a shape with two lobes on either side of the nucleus, it is a p orbital. P orbitals are characterized by their two lobes, with a node at the nucleus where the probability of finding an electron is zero.

Step 4: Note that the contour representation may not always be perfect, and there may be some distortion due to the perspective or the way the orbital is drawn. However, the general shape should still give you a good idea of the type of orbital.

Step 5: Identify the type of molecular orbital (s or p) based on the shape of the contour representation.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Molecular Orbitals (MOs)

Molecular orbitals are formed by the combination of atomic orbitals when atoms bond together. They can be classified as bonding, antibonding, or non-bonding, depending on the phase relationship of the combining atomic orbitals. Understanding MOs is crucial for predicting the electronic structure and properties of molecules.

Types of Atomic Orbitals

Atomic orbitals are regions in an atom where there is a high probability of finding electrons. The main types are s, p, d, and f orbitals, each with distinct shapes and energy levels. S orbitals are spherical, while p orbitals are dumbbell-shaped, which influences how they combine to form molecular orbitals.

Contour Representations

Contour representations are graphical depictions of molecular orbitals that illustrate the regions of space where electrons are likely to be found. These representations help visualize the shape and orientation of the orbitals, making it easier to identify whether they are s or p type based on their geometry.

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Textbook Question

For each of these contour representations of molecular orbitals, identify (a) the atomic orbitals (s or p) used to construct the MO (i)

Textbook Question

For each of these contour representations of molecular orbitals, identify (a) the atomic orbitals (s or p) used to construct the MO (iii)

Textbook Question

For each of these contour representations of molecular orbitals, identify (b) the type of MO (s or p) (iii)

Textbook Question

For each of these contour representations of molecular orbitals, identify (c) whether the MO is bonding or antibonding (i)

Textbook Question

a. Methane (CH4) and the perchlorate ion (ClO4−) are both described as tetrahedral. What does this indicate about their bond angles?

Textbook Question

b. The NH3 molecule is trigonal pyramidal, while BF3 is trigonal planar. Which of these molecules is flat?