Textbook Question
Predict whether each of the following compounds is molecular or ionic: (a) HClO4
Ch.2 - Atoms, Molecules, and Ions
Chapter 2, Problem 65f,g
Predict whether each of the following compounds is molecular or ionic: (f) K2O2 (g) PCl5
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Identify the elements in the compound: K (potassium) and O (oxygen).
Determine the type of elements: Potassium (K) is a metal, and oxygen (O) is a non-metal.
Recall that ionic compounds typically form between metals and non-metals due to the transfer of electrons.
Consider the nature of the bond: Potassium, being a metal, tends to lose electrons, while oxygen, being a non-metal, tends to gain electrons, forming an ionic bond.
Conclude that K2O2 is an ionic compound because it consists of a metal and a non-metal, indicating electron transfer.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Ionic vs. Molecular Compounds
Ionic compounds are formed from the electrostatic attraction between positively and negatively charged ions, typically involving a metal and a non-metal. In contrast, molecular compounds consist of molecules formed by covalent bonds between non-metal atoms. Understanding the distinction helps in predicting the properties and structures of compounds.
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Ionic Compounds Naming
Chemical Nomenclature
Chemical nomenclature is the system of naming chemical compounds based on their composition and structure. For ionic compounds, the name typically includes the cation followed by the anion, while molecular compounds use prefixes to denote the number of atoms. Recognizing the naming conventions aids in identifying the type of compound.
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Oxidation States
Oxidation states indicate the degree of oxidation of an atom in a compound, which helps in determining the types of bonds formed. In K2O2, potassium (K) has an oxidation state of +1, while oxygen (O) in peroxides has an oxidation state of -1. Understanding oxidation states is crucial for predicting the ionic or molecular nature of a compound.
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Related Practice
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Predict whether each of the following compounds is molecular or ionic: (h) P(OH)3.
Textbook Question
Which of the following are ionic, and which are molecular? (a) PF5
Textbook Question
Which of the following are ionic, and which are molecular? (a) PF5