Table of contents

1. Intro to General Chemistry3h 48m
2. Atoms & Elements4h 16m
3. Chemical Reactions4h 10m
4. BONUS: Lab Techniques and Procedures1h 38m
5. BONUS: Mathematical Operations and Functions48m
6. Chemical Quantities & Aqueous Reactions3h 53m
7. Gases3h 49m
8. Thermochemistry2h 37m
9. Quantum Mechanics2h 58m
10. Periodic Properties of the Elements3h 9m
11. Bonding & Molecular Structure3h 29m
12. Molecular Shapes & Valence Bond Theory1h 57m
13. Liquids, Solids & Intermolecular Forces2h 23m
14. Solutions3h 1m
15. Chemical Kinetics2h 53m
16. Chemical Equilibrium2h 29m
17. Acid and Base Equilibrium5h 1m
18. Aqueous Equilibrium4h 47m
19. Chemical Thermodynamics1h 50m
20. Electrochemistry2h 42m
21. Nuclear Chemistry2h 36m
22. Organic Chemistry5h 7m
23. Chemistry of the Nonmetals2h 39m
24. Transition Metals and Coordination Compounds3h 16m

6. Chemical Quantities & Aqueous Reactions

Solubility Rules

General Chemistry

6. Chemical Quantities & Aqueous Reactions

Solubility Rules

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Multiple Choice

Calculate the solubility of Mg(OH)₂ in 0.50 M NH₄Cl. Which of the following is the correct solubility in mol/L?

3.6 x 10⁻⁴ mol/L

1.8 x 10⁻⁴ mol/L

4.0 x 10⁻⁴ mol/L

2.5 x 10⁻⁴ mol/L

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Verified step by step guidance

Identify the dissolution reaction of Mg(OH)₂ in water: \( \text{Mg(OH)}_2 (s) \rightleftharpoons \text{Mg}^{2+} (aq) + 2\text{OH}^- (aq) \).

Write the expression for the solubility product constant \( K_{sp} \) of Mg(OH)₂: \( K_{sp} = [\text{Mg}^{2+}][\text{OH}^-]^2 \).

Recognize that the presence of NH₄Cl will affect the solubility of Mg(OH)₂ due to the common ion effect, as NH₄Cl dissociates into NH₄⁺ and Cl⁻, and NH₄⁺ can react with OH⁻ to form NH₃ and water, reducing the concentration of OH⁻.

Set up the equilibrium expression considering the common ion effect: Let \( s \) be the solubility of Mg(OH)₂ in mol/L. Then, \( [\text{Mg}^{2+}] = s \) and \( [\text{OH}^-] = 2s \). However, due to the reaction with NH₄⁺, the effective \( [\text{OH}^-] \) is reduced.

Substitute the expressions into the \( K_{sp} \) equation and solve for \( s \), taking into account the reduced \( [\text{OH}^-] \) due to the presence of NH₄⁺. This will give you the solubility of Mg(OH)₂ in the presence of 0.50 M NH₄Cl.