Multiple Choice
Which of the following solutions will generate the highest osmotic pressure?
14. Solutions
Osmotic Pressure
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What causes osmotic pressure and the movement of water between fluid compartments?
A
The temperature difference between compartments
B
The difference in solute concentration across a semipermeable membrane
C
The pressure exerted by gases in the compartments
D
The presence of a magnetic field
Verified step by step guidance1
Osmotic pressure is a colligative property, which means it depends on the number of solute particles in a solution, not their identity.
The movement of water between fluid compartments is driven by osmosis, which occurs when there is a difference in solute concentration across a semipermeable membrane.
A semipermeable membrane allows the passage of solvent molecules (like water) but not solute particles, leading to water moving from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration.
This movement of water continues until the solute concentrations on both sides of the membrane are equal, or until the osmotic pressure is balanced by another force, such as hydrostatic pressure.
The osmotic pressure can be calculated using the formula: , where is the osmotic pressure, is the van 't Hoff factor, is the molar concentration of the solute, is the ideal gas constant, and is the temperature in Kelvin.
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