Multiple Choice
All carcinogens act by directly damaging DNA.
20. Cancer
Carcinogens
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Which of the following is not a type of DNA damage?
A
Loss of DNA repair and accumulation of mutations
B
Shortening of telomeres
C
Epigenetic modifications leading to gene suppression
D
Integration of a viral genome
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand the types of DNA damage: DNA damage refers to alterations in the DNA structure that can lead to mutations or cell malfunction. Common types include single-strand breaks, double-strand breaks, base modifications, and crosslinking.
Analyze each option: Evaluate each given option to determine if it represents a type of DNA damage.
Option 1 - Loss of DNA repair and accumulation of mutations: This is a consequence of DNA damage rather than a type of damage itself. DNA repair mechanisms are crucial for correcting damage, and their loss can lead to mutations.
Option 2 - Shortening of telomeres: Telomeres protect chromosome ends, and their shortening is a natural process during cell division, not a direct form of DNA damage.
Option 3 - Epigenetic modifications leading to gene suppression: Epigenetic changes involve modifications that affect gene expression without altering the DNA sequence itself, thus not considered DNA damage. Option 4 - Integration of a viral genome: This can cause DNA damage by disrupting normal gene function or causing mutations.
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