Multiple Choice
Nitric Oxide signals by binding to which of the following molecules?
14. Cell Signaling
Intracellular messnegers: Hormones and Nitric Oxide
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Steroid hormones signaling through binding….
A
GTPases
B
Nuclear receptors
C
Kinases
D
Phosphatases
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand the role of steroid hormones: Steroid hormones are lipophilic molecules that can easily pass through the cell membrane due to their hydrophobic nature.
Identify the type of receptor involved: Steroid hormones typically bind to intracellular receptors known as nuclear receptors, which are located either in the cytoplasm or directly in the nucleus.
Explore the mechanism of action: Once the steroid hormone binds to its nuclear receptor, the hormone-receptor complex undergoes a conformational change, allowing it to enter the nucleus if it hasn't already.
Examine the gene regulation process: Inside the nucleus, the hormone-receptor complex binds to specific DNA sequences called hormone response elements (HREs), which regulate the transcription of target genes.
Differentiate from other signaling pathways: Unlike GTPases, kinases, and phosphatases, which are involved in signal transduction pathways that often occur at the cell membrane or in the cytoplasm, nuclear receptors directly influence gene expression by acting as transcription factors.
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