Textbook Question
In terms of structure, how do channel proteins differ from carrier proteins?
Ch. 6 - Lipids, Membranes, and the First Cells
Freeman8th EditionBiological ScienceISBN: 9780138276263
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Table of contents
- Ch. 1 - Biology: The Study of Life13
- Ch. 2 - Water and Carbon: The Chemical Basis of Life14
- Ch.3 - Protein Structure and Function10
- Ch.4 - Nucleic Acids and the RNA World10
- Ch. 5 - An Introduction to Carbohydrates10
- Ch. 6 - Lipids, Membranes, and the First Cells11
- Ch. 7 - Inside the Cell10
- Ch. 8 - Energy and Enzymes: An Introduction to Metabolism10
- Ch. 9 - Cellular Respiration and Fermentation11
- Ch. 10 - Photosynthesis12
- Ch. 11 - Cell-Cell Interactions12
- Ch. 12 - The Cell Cycle8
- Ch. 13 - Meiosis12
- Ch. 14 - Mendel and the Gene23
- Ch. 15 - DNA and the Gene: Synthesis and Repair15
- Ch. 16 - How Genes Work16
- Ch. 17 - Transcription, RNA Processing, and Translation16
- Ch. 18 - Control of Gene Expression in Bacteria16
- Ch. 19 - Control of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes12
- Ch. 20 - The Molecular Revolution: Biotechnology, Genomics, and New Frontiers15
- Ch. 21 - Genes, Development, and Evolution12
- Ch. 22 - Evolution by Natural Selection16
- Ch. 23 - Evolutionary Processes13
- Ch. 24 - Speciation15
- Ch. 25 - Phylogenies and the History of Life13
- Ch. 26 - Bacteria and Archaea15
- Ch. 27 - Diversification of Eukaryotes16
- Ch. 28 - Green Algae and Land Plants16
- Ch. 29 - Fungi18
- Ch. 30 - An Introduction to Animals9
- Ch. 31 - Protostome Animals15
- Ch. 32 - Deuterostome Animals17
- Ch. 33 - Viruses16
- Ch. 34 - Plant Form and Function16
- Ch. 35 - Water and Sugar Transport in Plants16
- Ch. 36 - Plant Nutrition13
- Ch. 37 - Plant Sensory Systems, Signals, and Responses16
- Ch. 38 - Flowering Plant Reproduction and Development16
- Ch. 39 - Animal Form and Function17
- Ch. 40 - Water and Electrolyte Balance in Animals16
- Ch. 41 - Animal Nutrition16
- Ch. 42 - Gas Exchange and Circulation16
- Ch. 43 - Animal Nervous Systems16
- Ch. 44 - Animal Sensory Systems16
- Ch. 45 - Animal Movement11
- Ch. 46 - Chemical Signals in Animals16
- Ch. 47 - Animal Reproduction and Development16
- Ch. 48 - The Immune System in Animals16
- Ch. 49 - An Introduction to Ecology15
- Ch. 50 - Behavioral Ecology16
- Ch. 51 - Population Ecology16
- Ch. 52 - Community Ecology20
- Ch. 53 - Ecosystems and Global Ecology17
- Ch. 54 - Biodiversity and Conservation Ecology18
Chapter 6, Problem 10
Examine the experimental chamber in Figure 6.8a. Explain what would occur by osmosis if you added a 1-M solution of sodium chloride on the left side and an equal volume of a 1.5 M solution of potassium ions on the right. How might the addition of the CFTR protein to the lipid bilayer impact the direction of water movement?
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Identify the initial conditions: 1-M NaCl on the left side and 1.5-M K+ on the right side.
Understand osmosis: Water moves from areas of low solute concentration to high solute concentration.
Predict water movement: Water will move from the left side (lower solute concentration) to the right side (higher solute concentration).
Consider the role of CFTR protein: CFTR facilitates the movement of chloride ions across the membrane.
Impact of CFTR: If CFTR is added, chloride ions may move, potentially altering the osmotic balance and affecting water movement.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Osmosis
Osmosis is the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration. This process aims to equalize solute concentrations on both sides of the membrane. In the context of the question, adding a 1-M sodium chloride solution on one side and a 1.5 M potassium ion solution on the other creates a concentration gradient that drives water movement toward the higher solute concentration.
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Osmosis
Lipid Bilayer
A lipid bilayer is a fundamental component of cell membranes, consisting of two layers of phospholipids arranged tail-to-tail. This structure creates a hydrophobic core that is impermeable to most water-soluble substances, allowing selective permeability. In the experimental setup, the lipid bilayer separates the two solutions, influencing the direction of water movement based on osmotic gradients and the presence of solutes.
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CFTR Protein
The Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) protein is a channel protein that facilitates the transport of chloride ions across epithelial cell membranes. Its presence in the lipid bilayer can alter osmotic balance by allowing chloride ions to move, which can subsequently affect water movement due to osmotic pressure changes. The addition of CFTR could enhance water flow toward the side with higher ion concentration, impacting the overall osmotic dynamics.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
Suppose a cell is placed in a solution with a high concentration of potassium and no sodium. How would the cellular sodium–potassium pump function in this environment?
a. It would stop moving ions across the membrane.
b. It would continue using ATP to pump sodium out of the cell and potassium into the cell.
c. It would move sodium and potassium ions across the membrane, but no ATP would be used.
d. It would reverse the direction of sodium and potassium ions to move them against their gradients.
Textbook Question
In an experiment, you create two groups of liposomes in a solution containing 0.1 M NaCl—one made from red blood cell membranes and the other from frog egg cell membranes. When the liposomes are placed in water, those with red blood cell membranes burst more rapidly than those made from egg membranes. What could explain these results? Select True or False for each of the following statements.
a. T/F The red blood cell liposomes are more hypertonic relative to water than the frog egg liposomes.
b. T/F The red blood cell liposomes are more hypotonic relative to water than the frog egg liposomes.
c. T/F The red blood cell liposomes contain more aquaporins than the frog egg liposomes.
d. T/F The frog egg liposomes contain ion channels, which are not present in the red blood cell liposomes.