Textbook Question
Which of the following is a hydrophobic material?
a. Paper
b. Table salt
c. Wax
d. Sugar
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Ch. 3 - Water and Life
Urry12th EditionCampbell BiologyISBN: 9785794169850
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Table of contents
- Ch. 1 - Evolution, the Themes of Biology, and Scientific Inquiry8
- Ch. 2 - The Chemical Context of Life8
- Ch. 3 - Water and Life6
- Ch. 4 - Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life9
- Ch. 5 - The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules9
- Ch. 6 - A Tour of the Cell6
- Ch. 7 - Membrane Structure and Function6
- Ch. 8 - An Introduction to Metabolism6
- Ch. 9 - Cellular Respiration and Fermentation10
- Ch. 10 - Photosynthesis7
- Ch. 11 - Cell Communication7
- Ch. 12 - The Cell Cycle11
- Ch. 13 - Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles10
- Ch. 14 - Mendel and the Gene Idea14
- Ch, 15 - The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance6
- Ch. 16 - The Molecular Basis of Inheritance9
- Ch. 17 - Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein9
- Ch. 18 - Regulation of Gene Expression10
- Ch. 19 - Viruses6
- Ch. 20 - DNA Tools and Biotechnology7
- Ch. 21 - Genomes and Their Evolution8
- Ch. 22 - Descent with Modification: A Darwininan View of Life6
- Ch. 23 - The Evolution of Populations5
- Ch. 24 - The Origin of Species6
- Ch. 25 - The History of Life on Earth8
- Ch. 26 - Phylogeny and the Tree of Life8
- Ch. 27 - Bacteria and Archaea6
- Ch. 28 - Protists7
- Ch. 29 - Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land7
- Ch. 30 - Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants6
- Ch. 31 - Fungi5
- Ch. 32 - An Overview of Animal Diversity4
- Ch. 33 - An introduction to Invertebrates6
- Ch. 34 - The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates7
- Ch. 35 - Vascular Plant Structure, Growth, and Development10
- Ch. 36 - Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants8
- Ch. 37 - Soil and Plant Nutrition11
- Ch. 38 - Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology8
- Ch. 39 - Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals8
- Ch. 40 - Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function8
- Ch. 41 - Animal Nutrition7
- Ch. 42 - Circulation and Gas Exchange7
- Ch. 43 - The Immune System5
- Ch. 44 - Osmoregulation and Excretion6
- Ch. 45 - Hormones and the Endocrine System8
- Ch. 46 - Animal Reproduction9
- Ch. 47 - Animal Development8
- Ch. 48 - Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling6
- Ch. 49 - Nervous Systems8
- Ch. 50 - Sensory and Motor Mechanisms5
- Ch. 51 Animal Behavior6
- Ch. 52 - An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere7
- Ch. 53 - Population Ecology9
- Ch. 54 - Community Ecology9
- Ch. 55 - Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology8
- Ch. 56 - Conservation Biology and Global Change6
Chapter 3, Problem 3
Measurements show that the pH of a particular lake is 4.0. What is the hydrogen ion concentration of the lake?
a. 4.0 M
b. 10¹⁰M
c. 10⁴M
d. 104M
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand that pH is a measure of the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution. The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14, where lower values indicate higher acidity and higher hydrogen ion concentration.
Recall the formula for calculating pH: \( \text{pH} = -\log_{10}[H^+] \), where \([H^+]\) is the hydrogen ion concentration in moles per liter (M).
Given that the pH of the lake is 4.0, use the formula to find the hydrogen ion concentration: \( 4.0 = -\log_{10}[H^+] \).
To solve for \([H^+]\), rearrange the equation: \([H^+] = 10^{-4} \text{ M}\). This is because taking the antilogarithm (inverse of log) of -4 gives \(10^{-4}\).
Compare the calculated hydrogen ion concentration \(10^{-4} \text{ M}\) with the given options to identify the correct answer.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
pH Scale
The pH scale is a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution, ranging from 0 to 14. A pH of 7 is neutral, below 7 is acidic, and above 7 is basic. The pH value is the negative logarithm (base 10) of the hydrogen ion concentration, which means a lower pH indicates a higher concentration of hydrogen ions.
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pH Scale
Hydrogen Ion Concentration
Hydrogen ion concentration refers to the amount of hydrogen ions present in a solution, which determines its acidity. It is expressed in moles per liter (M). The relationship between pH and hydrogen ion concentration is given by the formula: [H+] = 10^(-pH), where [H+] is the concentration of hydrogen ions.
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Logarithmic Calculations
Logarithmic calculations are used to convert between pH and hydrogen ion concentration. Since pH is the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration, calculating the concentration involves using the inverse operation: [H+] = 10^(-pH). For a pH of 4.0, the hydrogen ion concentration is 10^(-4) M, which is 0.0001 M.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
We can be sure that a mole of table sugar and a mole of vitamin C are equal in their
a. Mass
b. Volume
c. Number of atoms
d. Number of molecules
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1
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Textbook Question
What is the hydroxide ion concentration of the lake described in question 3?
a. 10⁻¹⁰ M
b. 10⁻⁴ M
c. 10⁻⁷ M
d. 10.0 M
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Textbook Question
A slice of pizza has 500 kcal. If we could burn the pizza and use all the heat to warm a 50-L container of cold water, what would be the approximate increase in the temperature of the water? (Note: A liter of cold water weighs about 1 kg.)
a. 50°C
b. 5°C
c. 100°C
d. 10°C
Textbook Question
Draw the hydration shells that form around a potassium ion and a chloride ion when potassium chloride (KCl) dissolves in water. Label the positive, negative, and partial charges on the atoms.
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