Textbook Question
Which of the following is true of a codon?
a. It never codes for the same amino acid as another codon.
b. It can code for more than one amino acid.
c. It can be either in DNA or in RNA
d. It is the basic unit of protein structure
Ch. 17 - Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein
Urry12th EditionCampbell BiologyISBN: 9785794169850
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Table of contents
- Ch. 1 - Evolution, the Themes of Biology, and Scientific Inquiry8
- Ch. 2 - The Chemical Context of Life8
- Ch. 3 - Water and Life6
- Ch. 4 - Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life9
- Ch. 5 - The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules9
- Ch. 6 - A Tour of the Cell6
- Ch. 7 - Membrane Structure and Function6
- Ch. 8 - An Introduction to Metabolism6
- Ch. 9 - Cellular Respiration and Fermentation10
- Ch. 10 - Photosynthesis7
- Ch. 11 - Cell Communication7
- Ch. 12 - The Cell Cycle11
- Ch. 13 - Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles10
- Ch. 14 - Mendel and the Gene Idea14
- Ch, 15 - The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance6
- Ch. 16 - The Molecular Basis of Inheritance9
- Ch. 17 - Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein9
- Ch. 18 - Regulation of Gene Expression10
- Ch. 19 - Viruses6
- Ch. 20 - DNA Tools and Biotechnology7
- Ch. 21 - Genomes and Their Evolution8
- Ch. 22 - Descent with Modification: A Darwininan View of Life6
- Ch. 23 - The Evolution of Populations5
- Ch. 24 - The Origin of Species6
- Ch. 25 - The History of Life on Earth8
- Ch. 26 - Phylogeny and the Tree of Life8
- Ch. 27 - Bacteria and Archaea6
- Ch. 28 - Protists7
- Ch. 29 - Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land7
- Ch. 30 - Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants6
- Ch. 31 - Fungi5
- Ch. 32 - An Overview of Animal Diversity4
- Ch. 33 - An introduction to Invertebrates6
- Ch. 34 - The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates7
- Ch. 35 - Vascular Plant Structure, Growth, and Development10
- Ch. 36 - Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants8
- Ch. 37 - Soil and Plant Nutrition11
- Ch. 38 - Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology8
- Ch. 39 - Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals8
- Ch. 40 - Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function8
- Ch. 41 - Animal Nutrition7
- Ch. 42 - Circulation and Gas Exchange7
- Ch. 43 - The Immune System5
- Ch. 44 - Osmoregulation and Excretion6
- Ch. 45 - Hormones and the Endocrine System8
- Ch. 46 - Animal Reproduction9
- Ch. 47 - Animal Development8
- Ch. 48 - Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling6
- Ch. 49 - Nervous Systems8
- Ch. 50 - Sensory and Motor Mechanisms5
- Ch. 51 Animal Behavior6
- Ch. 52 - An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere7
- Ch. 53 - Population Ecology9
- Ch. 54 - Community Ecology9
- Ch. 55 - Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology8
- Ch. 56 - Conservation Biology and Global Change6
Chapter 17, Problem 1
In eukaryotic cells, transcription cannot begin until
a. The two DNA strands have completely separated and exposed the promoter.
b. Several transcription factors have bound to the promoter.
c. The 5′ caps are removed from the mRNA.
d. The DNA introns are removed from the template.
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand that transcription is the process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA, specifically mRNA, in eukaryotic cells.
Recognize that transcription begins at a specific region of the DNA called the promoter, which is a sequence of DNA that signals the start of a gene.
Identify that transcription factors are proteins that bind to specific DNA sequences, such as the promoter, to regulate the transcription of genetic information from DNA to mRNA.
Note that in eukaryotic cells, transcription cannot begin until several transcription factors have bound to the promoter region. This binding is necessary to recruit RNA polymerase, the enzyme responsible for synthesizing RNA from the DNA template.
Conclude that the correct condition for transcription to begin in eukaryotic cells is the binding of several transcription factors to the promoter, which is option b.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Transcription Initiation in Eukaryotes
Transcription initiation in eukaryotic cells involves the assembly of transcription factors at the promoter region of DNA. These factors are essential for recruiting RNA polymerase II, which synthesizes mRNA. Unlike prokaryotes, eukaryotic transcription requires multiple proteins to recognize and bind to the promoter before transcription can begin.
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1) Initiation of Transcription
Role of Transcription Factors
Transcription factors are proteins that bind to specific DNA sequences, controlling the rate of transcription of genetic information from DNA to mRNA. In eukaryotes, they are crucial for the initiation of transcription, as they help position RNA polymerase at the start site and facilitate the unwinding of DNA strands to expose the template.
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Promoter Region
The promoter is a DNA sequence located upstream of a gene that serves as a binding site for transcription factors and RNA polymerase. It is essential for the regulation of gene expression, as it determines where transcription begins. In eukaryotic cells, the promoter must be accessible and bound by transcription factors for transcription to initiate.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
The anticodon of a particular tRNA molecule is
a. Complementary to the corresponding mRNA codon
b. Complementary to the corresponding triplet in rRNA
c. The part of tRNA that bonds to a specific amino acid
d. Catalytic, making the tRNA a ribozyme
Textbook Question
Which of the following is true of RNA processing? (A) Exons are cut out before mRNA leaves the nucleus. (B) Nucleotides are added at both ends of the RNA. (C) Ribozymes may function in the addition of a 5′ cap. (D) RNA splicing adds a poly-A tail to the mRNA.