Textbook Question
Transcription ________.
a. Synthesizes new daughter DNA molecules from an existing DNA molecule
b. Results in the synthesis of an RNA copy of a gene
c. Pairs thymines (T) with adenines (A)
d. Occurs on ribosomes
Ch. 10 - Genetically Modified Organisms
Belk, Maier6th EditionBiology: Science for LifeISBN: 9780135214084
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Table of contents
- Ch. 1 - Can Science Cure the Common Cold?12
- Ch. 2 - Science Fiction, Bad Science, and Pseudoscience12
- Ch. 3 - Is It Possible to Supplement Your Way to Better Performance and Health?10
- Ch. 4 - Body Weight and Health10
- Ch. 5 - Life in the Greenhouse10
- Ch. 6 - Cancer10
- Ch. 7 - Fertility10
- Ch. 8 - Does Testing Save Lives?10
- Ch. 9 - Biology of Wrongful Convictions10
- Ch. 10 - Genetically Modified Organisms10
- Ch. 11 - Where Did We Come From?13
- Ch. 12 - An Evolving Enemy8
- Ch. 13 - Understanding Race11
- Ch. 14 - The Greatest Species on Earth?8
- Ch. 15 - Is the Human Population Too Large?10
- Ch. 16 - Conserving Biodiversity12
- Ch. 17 - The Human Footprint10
Belk, Maier6th EditionBiology: Science for LifeISBN: 9780135214084Not the one you use?Change textbook
Chapter 10, Problem 6
Translation results in the production of ________.
a. RNA
b. DNA
c. Protein
d. Individual amino acids
e. Transfer RNA molecules
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand the process of translation: Translation is the second step of gene expression, where the information encoded in messenger RNA (mRNA) is used to synthesize a polypeptide (protein). This occurs in the ribosome.
Recall the role of mRNA: During translation, mRNA provides the template that specifies the sequence of amino acids in the protein. Each codon (a sequence of three nucleotides) in the mRNA corresponds to a specific amino acid.
Identify the role of transfer RNA (tRNA): tRNA molecules bring the appropriate amino acids to the ribosome based on the codon sequence in the mRNA. They have anticodons that pair with the mRNA codons.
Understand the end product of translation: The ribosome links the amino acids together in the correct sequence to form a polypeptide chain, which folds into a functional protein. Translation does not produce RNA, DNA, or individual amino acids as the final product.
Eliminate incorrect options: RNA and DNA are involved in earlier steps of gene expression (transcription and replication, respectively). Individual amino acids are used as building blocks during translation, but they are not the final product. Transfer RNA molecules assist in translation but are not the end result. The correct answer is protein.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Translation
Translation is the biological process in which ribosomes synthesize proteins by decoding the messenger RNA (mRNA) sequence. During this process, the ribosome reads the mRNA codons, and transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules bring the corresponding amino acids to form a polypeptide chain, ultimately folding into a functional protein.
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Role of mRNA
Messenger RNA (mRNA) serves as the template for translation, carrying genetic information from DNA to the ribosome. It is transcribed from DNA and contains codons, which are sequences of three nucleotides that specify particular amino acids. The sequence of codons in mRNA determines the order of amino acids in the resulting protein.
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Amino Acids and Proteins
Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins, linked together by peptide bonds to form polypeptides. There are 20 different amino acids, and the specific sequence in which they are arranged determines the structure and function of the protein. Proteins play crucial roles in various biological processes, including catalyzing reactions, providing structural support, and regulating cellular activities.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
a. Carries monosaccharides to the ribosome for synthesis
b. Is made of messenger RNA
c. Has an anticodon region that is complementary to the mRNA codon
d. Is the site of protein synthesis
Textbook Question
During the process of transcription, ________.
a. DNA serves as a template for the synthesis of more DNA.
b. DNA serves as a template for the synthesis of RNA.
c. DNA serves as a template for the synthesis of proteins.
d. RNA serves as a template for the synthesis of proteins.
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Textbook Question
The RNA polymerase enzyme binds to ________, initiating transcription.
a. Amino acids
b. tRNA
c. The promoter sequence
d. The ribosome
Textbook Question
A particular triplet of bases in the coding sequence of DNA is TGA. The anticodon on the tRNA that binds to the mRNA codon is ________.
a. TGA
b. UGA
c. UCU
d. ACU
Textbook Question
RNA and DNA are similar because ________.
a. Both are double-stranded helices.
b. Uracil is found in both of them.
c. Both contain the sugar deoxyribose.
d. Both are made up of nucleotides consisting of a sugar, a phosphate, and a base.
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