The large onion-shaped receptors that are found deep in the dermis and in subcutaneous tissue and that respond to deep pressure are

a. Epithelial tactile complexes

b. Lamellar corpuscles

c. Free nerve endings

d. Muscle spindles

Proprioceptors include all of the following except

a. Muscle spindles

b. Tendon organs

c. Epithelial tactile complexes

d. Joint kinesthetic receptors

Match the receptor type in column B to the correct description in column A.

Column A

______    (1) Pain, itch, and temperature receptors

______    (2) Contains intrafusal fibers and anulospiral and flower spray endings

______    (3) Discriminative touch receptor in hairless skin (fingertips)

______    (4) Contains receptor endings wrapped around thick collagen bundles

______    (5) Rapidly adapting deep-pressure receptor

______    (6) Slowly adapting deep-pressure receptor

Column B

a. Bulbous corpuscles

b. Tendon organ

c. Muscle spindle

d. Free nerve endings

e. Lamellar corpuscle

f. Tactile corpuscle

Match the names of the cranial nerves in column B to the appropriate description in column A.

Column A 

_______    (1) Causes pupillary constriction 

_______    (2) The major sensory nerve of the face

_______    (3) Serves the sternocleido-mastoid and trapezius muscles 

_______    (4) Purely sensory (two nerves) 

_______    (5) Serves the tongue muscles 

_______    (6) Allows you to chew your food 

_______    (7) Impaired in Bell's palsy

_______    (8) Helps regulate heart activity

_______    (9) Helps you hear and maintain your balance 

_______    (10) Contain parasympathetic motor fibers (four nerves)

Column B

a. Abducens

b. Accessory

c. Facial

d. Glossopharyngeal

e. Hypoglossal

f. Oculomotor

g. Olfactory

h. Optic

i. Trigeminal

j. Trochlear

k. Vagus

l. Vestibulocochlear

The connective tissue sheath that surrounds a fascicle of nerve fibers is the

a. Epineurium

b. Endoneurium

c. Perineurium

d. Epimysium

Accessory glands that produce an oily secretion are the

a. Conjunctiva

b. Lacrimal glands

c. Tarsal glands

The portion of the fibrous layer that is white and opaque is the

a. Choroid

b. Cornea

c. Retina

d. Sclera

Which sequence best describes a normal route for the flow of tears from the eyes into the nasal cavity?

a. Lacrimal canaliculi, lacrimal sacs, nasolacrimal ducts

b. Lacrimal ducts, lacrimal canaliculi, nasolacrimal ducts

c. Nasolacrimal ducts, lacrimal canaliculi, lacrimal sacs

The phenomenon of dark adaptation is best explained by the fact that

a. Rhodopsin does not function in dim light.

b. Rhodopsin breakdown occurs slowly.

c. Rods exposed to intense light need time to generate rhodopsin.

d. Cones are stimulated to function by bright light.

Nearsightedness is more properly called

a. Myopia

b. Hyperopia

c. Presbyopia

d. Emmetropia

Of the neurons in the retina, the axons of which of these form the optic nerve?

a. Bipolar cells

b. Ganglion cells

c. Cone cells

d. Horizontal cells

Which reactions occur when a person looks at a distant object?

a. Pupils constrict, ciliary zonule (suspensory ligament) relaxes, lenses become less convex

b. Pupils dilate, ciliary zonule becomes taut, lenses become less convex

c. Pupils dilate, ciliary zonule becomes taut, lenses become more convex

d. Pupils constrict, ciliary zonule relaxes, lenses become more convex

The blind spot of the eye is

a. Where more rods than cones are found

b. Where the macula lutea is located

c. Where only cones occur

d. Where the optic nerve leaves the eye

Taste buds are found on the

a. Anterior part of the tongue

b. Posterior part of the tongue

c. Palate

d. All of these

Olfactory nerve filaments are found

a. In the optic bulbs

b. Passing through the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone

c. In the optic tracts

d. In the olfactory cortex

Which of the following statements does not correctly describe the spiral organ?

a. Sounds of high frequency stimulate hair cells at the basal end.

b. The 'hairs' of the receptor cells are embedded in the tectorial membrane.

c. The basilar membrane acts as a resonator.

d. The more numerous outer hair cells are largely responsible for our perception of sound.

The structure that allows pressure in the middle ear to be equalized with atmospheric pressure is the

a. Pinna

b. Pharyngotympanic tube

c. Tympanic membrane

d. Oval window

Otoliths (ear stones) are

a. A cause of deafness

b. A type of hearing aid

c. Important in equilibrium

d. The rock-hard petrous part of the temporal bones

How do rods and cones differ functionally?

A reflex that causes reciprocal activation of the antagonist muscle is the

a. Crossed-extensor

b. Flexor

c. Tendon

d. Muscle stretch

Damage to the medial recti muscles would probably affect

a. Accommodation

b. Refraction

c. Convergence

d. Pupil constriction

Blockage of the scleral venous sinus might result in

a. A sty

b. Glaucoma

c. Conjunctivitis

d. A cataract

Pitch is to frequency of sound as loudness is to

a. Quality

b. Intensity

c. Overtones

d. All of these

Which of the following is important in maintaining the balance of the body?

a. Visual cues

b. Semicircular canals

c. The saccule

d. Proprioceptors

e. All of these

Which of the following is not a possible cause of conduction deafness?

a. Impacted cerumen

b. Middle ear infection

c. Cochlear nerve degeneration

d. Otosclerosis

Where are the olfactory sensory neurons, and why is that site poorly suited for their job?

Differentiate clearly between sensation and perception.

Central pattern generators (CPGs) are found at the segmental level of motor control.

a. What is the job of the CPGs?

b. What controls them, and where is this control localized?

Compare and contrast flexor and crossed-extensor reflexes.

Characterize each receptor activity described below by choosing the appropriate letter and number(s) from keys A and B. 

_____    , _____  (1) You are enjoying an ice cream cone. 

_____    , _____  (2) You have just scalded yourself with hot coffee. 

_____    , _____  (3) The retinas of your eyes are stimulated. 

_____    , _____  (4) You bump (lightly) into someone. 

_____    , _____  (5) You are in a completely dark room and reaching toward the light switch. 

_____    , _____  (6) You feel uncomfortable after a large meal.

Key A:

a. Exteroceptor

b. Interoceptor

c. Proprioceptor

Key B:

(1) Chemoreceptor

(2) Mechanoreceptor

(3) Nociceptor

(4) Photoreceptor

(5) Thermoreceptor