Under ordinary circumstances, the inflation reflex is initiated by:

a. Noxious chemicals

b. The ventral respiratory group

c. Overinflation of the alveoli and bronchioles

d. The pontine respiratory centers

The detergent-like substance that keeps the alveoli from collapsing between breaths because it reduces the surface tension of the water film in the alveoli is called:

a. Lecithin

b. Bile

c. Surfactant

d. Reluctant

Which of the following determines the direction of gas movement?

a. Solubility in water

b. Partial pressure gradient

c. Temperature

d. Molecular weight and size of the gas molecule

When the inspiratory muscles contract:

a. The size of the thoracic cavity increases in diameter

b. The size of the thoracic cavity increases in length

c. The volume of the thoracic cavity decreases

d. The size of the thoracic cavity increases in both length and diameter

Oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged in the lungs and through all cell membranes by:

a. Active transport

b. Diffusion

c. Filtration

d. Osmosis

Differentiate clearly between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation rate

Which provides a more accurate measure of ventilatory efficiency, and why?

Define hyperventilation

If you hyperventilate, do you retain or expel more carbon dioxide?

What effect does hyperventilation have on blood pH?

A member of the 'Blues' gang was rushed into an emergency room after receiving a knife wound in the left side of his thorax. The diagnosis was pneumothorax and a collapsed lung. Explain exactly

Why the lung collapsed?

Why only one lung (not both) collapsed?

Describe the functional relationships between volume changes and gas flow into and out of the lungs.