In Exercises 9–12, the given expressions are designed to yield results expressed in a form of scientific notation. For example, the calculator-displayed result of 1.23E5 can be expressed as 123,000, and the result of 1.23E-4 can be expressed as 0.000123. Perform the indicated operation and express the result as an ordinary number that is not in scientific notation.

(8)^12

Types of Data In each of the following, identify the level of measurement of the sample data (nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio) and the type of sampling used to obtain the data (random, systematic, convenience, stratified, cluster).

b. In each of the 50 states, 50 voters are randomly selected and their political party affiliations are identified.

Percentages

c. In a Pew Research Center poll on driving, 331 of the 1182 respondents said that driving is a chore. What percentage of respondents said that driving is a chore?

Percentages

a. The labels on U-Turn protein energy bars include the statement that these bars contain “125% less fat than the leading chocolate candy brands” (based on data from Consumer Reports magazine). What is wrong with that claim?

Percentages

b. In a Pew Research Center poll on driving, 58% of the 1182 respondents said that they like to drive. What is the actual number of respondents who said that they like to drive?

Sampling For each of the following, identify the term that best describes the type of sample: systematic, convenience, stratified, cluster, or simple random sample.

d. A statistics student creates a survey and presents it to fellow statistics students.

State Populations Currently, California has the largest population with 39,776,830 residents, and Wyoming has the smallest population with 573,520 residents.

a. Are the population sizes of the different states discrete or continuous?

Paying for First Dates USA Today posted this question on the electronic version of its newspaper: “Should guys pay for the first date?” Of the 1148 subjects who decided to respond, 85% of them said “yes.”

c. Does the survey constitute an experiment or an observational study?

State Populations Currently, California has the largest population with 39,776,830 residents, and Wyoming has the smallest population with 573,520 residents.

b. What is the level of measurement for the numbers of residents in the different states? (nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio)

Sampling For each of the following, identify the term that best describes the type of sample: systematic, convenience, stratified, cluster, or simple random sample.

a. As Lipitor pills are being manufactured, a quality control plan is to select every 500th pill and test it to confirm that it contains 80 mg of atorvastatin.

Paying for First Dates USA Today posted this question on the electronic version of its newspaper: “Should guys pay for the first date?” Of the 1148 subjects who decided to respond, 85% of them said “yes.”

b. Is the value of 85% a statistic or a parameter?

State Populations Currently, California has the largest population with 39,776,830 residents, and Wyoming has the smallest population with 573,520 residents.

d. If we randomly select 50 full-time workers in each of the 50 states, what type of sample is obtained? (random, systematic, convenience, stratified, cluster)

Divorces and Margarine One study showed that there is a very high correlation between the divorce rate in Maine and per capita consumption of margarine in the United States. Can we conclude that either one of those two variables is the cause of the other?

Paying for First Dates USA Today posted this question on the electronic version of its newspaper: “Should guys pay for the first date?” Of the 1148 subjects who decided to respond, 85% of them said “yes.”

a. What is wrong with this survey?

Sampling For each of the following, identify the term that best describes the type of sample: systematic, convenience, stratified, cluster, or simple random sample.

b. To test for a gender difference in the way that men and women make online purchases, Gallup surveys 500 randomly selected men and 500 randomly selected women.

State Populations Currently, California has the largest population with 39,776,830 residents, and Wyoming has the smallest population with 573,520 residents.

e. If we randomly select two states and survey all of their adult residents, what type of sample is obtained? (random, systematic, convenience, stratified, cluster)

Reported Versus Measured In a survey of 1046 adults conducted by Bradley Corporation, subjects were asked how often they wash their hands when using a public restroom, and 70% of the respondents said “always.”

a) Identify the sample and the population.

Sampling Method Assume that the population consists of all students currently in your statistics class. Describe how to obtain a sample of six students so that the result is a sample of the given type.

a. Simple random sample

Simple Random Sample vs. Random Sample Refer to the definition of simple random sample here and its accompanying definition of random sample enclosed within parentheses. Determine whether each of the following is a simple random sample and a random sample.

a. In Major League Baseball, there are 30 teams, each with an active roster of 25 players. The names of the teams are printed on 30 separate index cards, the cards are shuffled, and one card is drawn. The sample consists of the 25 players on the active roster of the selected team.

Countable For each of the following, categorize the nature of the data using one of these three descriptions: (1) discrete because the number of possible values is finite; (2) discrete because the number of possible values is infinite but countable; (3) continuous because the number of possible values is infinite and not countable.

a. Exact lengths of the feet of members of the band the Monkees

E-Cigarette Survey In a survey of 36,000 adults, 3.7% said that they regularly use E-cigarettes (based on data from the National Center for Health Statistics).

a. Identify the sample and population.

Sampling Method Assume that the population consists of all students currently in your statistics class. Describe how to obtain a sample of six students so that the result is a sample of the given type.

b. Systematic sample

Discrete/Continuous Data Which of the following describe discrete data

c. The exact times that randomly selected students spend on smart phones during the preceding week

Sampling Method Assume that the population consists of all students currently in your statistics class. Describe how to obtain a sample of six students so that the result is a sample of the given type.

c. Stratified sample

Countable For each of the following, categorize the nature of the data using one of these three descriptions: (1) discrete because the number of possible values is finite; (2) discrete because the number of possible values is infinite but countable; (3) continuous because the number of possible values is infinite and not countable.

c. The number of albums sold by the Monkees band

E-Cigarette Survey In a survey of 36,000 adults, 3.7% said that they regularly use E-cigarettes (based on data from the National Center for Health Statistics)

c. What is the level of measurement of the value of 3.7%? (nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio)

Sampling Method Assume that the population consists of all students currently in your statistics class. Describe how to obtain a sample of six students so that the result is a sample of the given type.

d. Cluster sample

Sampling Method Assume that the population consists of all students currently in your statistics class. Describe how to obtain a sample of six students so that the result is a sample of the given type.

e. Convenience sample