Identify all the functional groups present in the following:

(a)

The most prevalent fatty acid in coconut oil is lauric acid, a saturated fatty acid containing 12 carbons. Draw lauric acid in skeletal structure.

Draw the condensed structural formula for each of the following alkyl groups:

(b) methyl

Give the correct name for each of the following substituents:

(c) I―

Draw the skeletal structure for each of the following compounds:

(a) 2,3-dimethylpentane

Draw the skeletal structure for each of the following compounds:

(a) 3-ethylhexane

Give the correct IUPAC name for each of the following compounds:

(a)

Give the correct IUPAC name for each of the following compounds:

(c)

Give the correct IUPAC name for each of the following compounds:

(b)

What is the difference between a conformational isomer of a compound and a structural isomer of the same compound?

Determine the relationship between each of the pairs of the following compounds. Are they structural isomers (different molecules), conformational isomers (the same molecule), or not related?

(b)

Determine the relationship between each of the pairs of the following compounds. Are they structural isomers (different molecules), conformational isomers (the same molecule), or not related?

(a)

Determine the relationship between each of the pairs of the following compounds. Are they structural isomers (different molecules), conformational isomers (the same molecule), or not related?

(d)

Determine if each of the following cycloalkanes or alkenes can exist as cis–trans stereoisomers. For those that can, draw the two isomers. Label each of the isomers you drew as the cis stereoisomer or the trans stereoisomer.

(b) CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂CH=CH₂

Mark the chiral centers in the following molecules, if any, with an asterisk (*):

(a)

Mark the chiral centers in the following molecules, if any, with an asterisk (*):

(d)

Mark the chiral centers in the following molecules, if any, with an asterisk (*):

(b)

Mark the chiral centers in the following molecules, if any, with an asterisk (*):

(d)

Convert each of the Lewis structures shown into a condensed structural formula:

(c)

Convert the condensed structures shown to skeletal structures.

(a)

Convert the condensed structures shown to skeletal structures.

(c)

Convert the condensed structures shown to skeletal structures.

(b) CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂OH

Convert the skeletal structures shown to condensed structures.

(a)

Convert the skeletal structures shown to condensed structures.

(b)

Lewis structures, condensed structural formulas, and skeletal structures are used to represent the structure of an organic compound. Each of the following compounds is shown in one of these representations. Convert each compound into the other two structural representations not shown.

(c)

Alkanes are also referred to as saturated hydrocarbons. Explain the meaning of the term hydrocarbon. Why are alkanes called saturated hydrocarbons?

Give the skeletal structure and name of the straight-chain alkanes whose molecular formula is shown.

(a) C₃H₈

Give the skeletal structure and name of the straight-chain alkanes whose molecular formula is shown.

(b) C₁₀H₂₂

Give the structure and name of the cycloalkanes described.

(a) A compound whose molecular formula is C₆H₁₂ and contains a five-membered ring

Give the structure and name of the cycloalkanes described.

(a) A compound whose molecular formula is C₇H₁₄ and contains a six-membered ring