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Problem 5
Define the terms allele, chromosome, and gene, and explain how they relate to one another. Develop an analogy between these terms and the process of using a street map to locate a new apartment to live in next year (i.e., consider which term is analogous to a street, which to a type of building, and which to an apartment floor plan).
Problem 6
Define the terms genotype and phenotype, and relate them to one another.
Problem 7
Define natural selection, and describe how natural selection operates as a mechanism of evolutionary change.
Problem 8
Describe the modern synthesis of evolution, and explain how it connects Darwinian evolution to molecular evolution.
Problem 9
What are the four processes of evolution? Briefly describe each process.
Problem 10
Define each of the following terms:
DNA replicationProblem 10a
Define each of the following terms:
Transcription
Problem 10b
Define each of the following terms:
Allele
Problem 10c
Define each of the following terms:
Central dogma of biology
Problem 10d
Define each of the following terms:
Translation
Problem 10e
Define each of the following terms:
Gene
Problem 10g
Define each of the following terms:
Chromosome
Problem 10h
Define each of the following terms:
Antiparallel
Problem 10i
Define each of the following terms:
Phenotype
Problem 10j
Define each of the following terms:
Complementary base pair
Problem 10k
Define each of the following terms:
Nucleic acid strand polarity
Problem 10l
Define each of the following terms:
Genotype
Problem 10m
Define each of the following terms:
Natural selection
Problem 10n
Define each of the following terms:
Mutation
Problem 10o
Define each of the following terms:
Modern synthesis of evolution
Problem 11
Compare and contrast the genome, the proteome, and the transcriptome of an organism.
Problem 12
With respect to transcription describe the relationship and sequence correspondence of the RNA transcript and the DNA template strand. Describe the relationship and sequence correspondence of the mRNA transcript to the DNA coding strand.
Problem 13
Plant agriculture and animal domestication developed independently several times and in different locations in human history. Do a brief Internet search and then list the approximate locations, time periods, and crops developed in three of these agricultural events. What role do you think ideas about heredity may have played in these events?
Problem 14a
Briefly describe the contribution each of the following people made to the development of genetics or genetic analysis.
Archibald Garrod
Problem 14b
Briefly describe the contribution each of the following people made to the development of genetics or genetic analysis.
Rosalind Franklin:
Problem 14c
Briefly describe the contribution each of the following people made to the development of genetics or genetic analysis.
Robert Hooke
Problem 14d
Briefly describe the contribution each of the following people made to the development of genetics or genetic analysis.
William Bateson:
Problem 14e
Briefly describe the contribution each of the following people made to the development of genetics or genetic analysis.
Rudolph Virchow
Problem 14f
Briefly describe the contribution each of the following people made to the development of genetics or genetic analysis.
Edmund B. Wilson
Problem 15
If thymine makes up 21% of the DNA nucleotides in the genome of a plant species, what are the percentages of the other nucleotides in the genome?