What is the name of the structure through which DNA is transferred? 

A study was conducted in an attempt to determine which functional regions of a particular conjugative transfer gene (tra1) are involved in the transfer of plasmid R27 in Salmonella enterica. The R27 plasmid is of significant clinical interest because it is capable of encoding multiple-antibiotic resistance to typhoid fever. To identify functional regions responsible for conjugal transfer, an analysis by Lawley et al. [(2002). J. Bacteriol. 184:2173–2180] was conducted in which particular regions of the tra1 gene were mutated and tested for their impact on conjugation. Shown here is a map of the regions tested and believed to be involved in conjugative transfer of the plasmid. Similar coloring indicates related function. Numbers correspond to each functional region subjected to mutation analysis.

Accompanying the map is a table showing the effects of these mutations on R27 conjugation.

Effects of Mutations in Functional Regions of Transfer Region 1 (tra1) on R27 Conjugation
   R27 Mutation in     Conjugative       Relative Conjugation
         Region               Transfer                Frequency (%)
             1                          +                            100
             2                          +                            100
             3                          -                               0
             4                         +                             100
             5                         -                                0
             6                         -                                0
             7                         +                              12
             8                         -                                0
             9                         -                                0
           10                         -                                0
           11                         +                              13
           12                         -                                0
           13                         -                                0
           14                         -                                0

Which regions appear to have the most impact on conjugation? 

A study was conducted in an attempt to determine which functional regions of a particular conjugative transfer gene (tra1) are involved in the transfer of plasmid R27 in Salmonella enterica. The R27 plasmid is of significant clinical interest because it is capable of encoding multiple-antibiotic resistance to typhoid fever. To identify functional regions responsible for conjugal transfer, an analysis by Lawley et al. [(2002). J. Bacteriol. 184:2173–2180] was conducted in which particular regions of the tra1 gene were mutated and tested for their impact on conjugation. Shown here is a map of the regions tested and believed to be involved in conjugative transfer of the plasmid. Similar coloring indicates related function. Numbers correspond to each functional region subjected to mutation analysis.

Accompanying the map is a table showing the effects of these mutations on R27 conjugation.

Effects of Mutations in Functional Regions of Transfer Region 1 (tra1) on R27 Conjugation
   R27 Mutation in     Conjugative       Relative Conjugation
         Region               Transfer                Frequency (%)
             1                          +                            100
             2                          +                            100
             3                          -                               0
             4                         +                             100
             5                         -                                0
             6                         -                                0
             7                         +                              12
             8                         -                                0
             9                         -                                0
           10                         -                                0
           11                         +                              13
           12                         -                                0
           13                         -                                0
           14                         -                                0

What general conclusions might one draw from these data? 

A study was conducted in an attempt to determine which functional regions of a particular conjugative transfer gene (tra1) are involved in the transfer of plasmid R27 in Salmonella enterica. The R27 plasmid is of significant clinical interest because it is capable of encoding multiple-antibiotic resistance to typhoid fever. To identify functional regions responsible for conjugal transfer, an analysis by Lawley et al. [(2002). J. Bacteriol. 184:2173–2180] was conducted in which particular regions of the tra1 gene were mutated and tested for their impact on conjugation. Shown here is a map of the regions tested and believed to be involved in conjugative transfer of the plasmid. Similar coloring indicates related function. Numbers correspond to each functional region subjected to mutation analysis.

Accompanying the map is a table showing the effects of these mutations on R27 conjugation.

Effects of Mutations in Functional Regions of Transfer Region 1 (tra1) on R27 Conjugation
   R27 Mutation in     Conjugative       Relative Conjugation
         Region               Transfer                Frequency (%)
             1                          +                            100
             2                          +                            100
             3                          -                               0
             4                         +                             100
             5                         -                                0
             6                         -                                0
             7                         +                              12
             8                         -                                0
             9                         -                                0
           10                         -                                0
           11                         +                              13
           12                         -                                0
           13                         -                                0
           14                         -                                0

Which regions appear to have a limited impact on conjugation? <>

True or False:For conjugation to occur, bacterial cells must physically contact each other.

What property does the F factor give bacteria?

A F⁺ bacterial cell can donate DNA to which type of bacterium?