Table of contents

1. Introduction to Genetics51m
2. Mendel's Laws of Inheritance3h 37m
3. Extensions to Mendelian Inheritance2h 41m
4. Genetic Mapping and Linkage2h 28m
5. Genetics of Bacteria and Viruses1h 21m
6. Chromosomal Variation1h 48m
7. DNA and Chromosome Structure56m
8. DNA Replication1h 10m
9. Mitosis and Meiosis1h 34m
10. Transcription1h 0m
11. Translation58m
12. Gene Regulation in Prokaryotes1h 19m
13. Gene Regulation in Eukaryotes44m
14. Genetic Control of Development44m
15. Genomes and Genomics1h 50m
16. Transposable Elements47m
17. Mutation, Repair, and Recombination1h 6m
18. Molecular Genetic Tools19m
- Genetic Cloning
  9m
- Methods for Analyzing DNA
  9m
19. Cancer Genetics29m
- Overview of Cancer
  21m
- Cancer Mutations
  7m
20. Quantitative Genetics1h 26m
21. Population Genetics50m
- Hardy Weinberg
  19m
- Allelic Frequency Changes
  31m
22. Evolutionary Genetics29m

17. Mutation, Repair, and Recombination

Induced Mutations

Genetics

17. Mutation, Repair, and Recombination

Induced Mutations

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Multiple Choice

Which of the following mutagens wedges between DNA bases to disrupt the helix structure?

Base analogs

Alylating agents

Intercalating agents

UV light

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Understand the role of mutagens: Mutagens are agents that cause changes in the DNA sequence. They can be physical, chemical, or biological in nature.

Identify the types of mutagens listed: Base analogs, alkylating agents, intercalating agents, and UV light.

Define intercalating agents: These are molecules that insert themselves between the base pairs in the DNA double helix, causing structural distortion.

Recognize the effect of intercalating agents: By wedging between DNA bases, they disrupt the normal helical structure, potentially leading to frameshift mutations during DNA replication.

Conclude that intercalating agents are the correct answer: They specifically wedge between DNA bases, unlike the other mutagens listed, which have different mechanisms of action.

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Open Question

Using your knowledge of DNA repair pathways, choose the pathway that would be used to repair the following types of DNA damage. Explain your reasoning.

a thymine dimer induced as a result of UV exposure

Open Question

Common baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) is normally grown at 37°C, but it will grow actively at temperatures down to approximately 25°C. A haploid culture of wild-type yeast is mutagenized with EMS. Cells from the mutagenized culture are spread on a complete-medium plate and grown at 25°C. Six colonies (1 to 6) are selected from the original complete-medium plate and transferred to two fresh complete-medium plates. The new complete plates (shown) are grown at 25°C and 37°C. Four replica plates are made onto minimal medium or minimal plus adenine from the 25°C complete-medium plate. The new plates are grown at either 25°C or 37°C and the growth results are shown.Classify the nature of the mutations in colonies 1, 2, and 5.

Open Question

Common baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) is normally grown at 37°C, but it will grow actively at temperatures down to approximately 25°C. A haploid culture of wild-type yeast is mutagenized with EMS. Cells from the mutagenized culture are spread on a complete-medium plate and grown at 25°C. Six colonies (1 to 6) are selected from the original complete-medium plate and transferred to two fresh complete-medium plates. The new complete plates (shown) are grown at 25°C and 37°C. Four replica plates are made onto minimal medium or minimal plus adenine from the 25°C complete-medium plate. The new plates are grown at either 25°C or 37°C and the growth results are shown.

Which colonies are prototrophic and which are auxotrophic? What growth information is used to make these determinations? <>

Open Question

Multiple Choice

Which of the following mutagens alters base affinities by adding an alkyl group?

Multiple Choice

Which of the following mutations would have the least effect on an individual?

Open Question

Identify two general ways chemical mutagens can alter DNA. Give examples of these two mechanisms.

Open Question

In this chapter, we focused on how gene mutations arise and how cells repair DNA damage. At the same time, we found opportunities to consider the methods and reasoning by which much of this information was acquired. From the explanations given in the chapter,How do we know that DNA repair mechanisms detect and correct the majority of spontaneous and induced mutations?

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