The α chain of eukaryotic hemoglobin is composed of 141 amino acids. What is the minimum number of nucleotides in an mRNA coding for this polypeptide chain?

Outline the events that occur during initiation of translation in E. coli.

A portion of a DNA template strand has the base sequence 5′-...ACGCGATGCGTGATGTATAGAGCT...-3′

Assume the mRNA is written in the correct reading frame. Determine the amino acid sequence encoded by this fragment. Identify the N- and C-terminal directions of the polypeptide.

The three major forms of RNA (mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA) interact during translation.

Compared to the average stability of mRNA in E. coli, is mRNA in a typical human cell more stable or less stable? Why?