Go to the website http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/omim and enter 'Lyn...

Question

Go to the website http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/omim and enter 'Lynch syndrome' in the Search box at the top of the page. From the list of options given, select '#120435—Lynch Syndrome.' Use the information you retrieve to answer the following questions.There are two types of Lynch syndrome. What are they?

Accepted Answer

Welcome back, everyone. Here's our next problem. It says the overactive growth of normal noncancerous tissues is called a hyperplasia. B dysplasia. C neoplasia or D none of the above. Well, when we're talking about different stages that lead to cancer and different stages of abnormal things going on. Kind of the first problematic step involves tissue and cells that still look normal. So under a microscope, they still look like the cells they're supposed to be for whatever type of tissue they're in. So uh histopathological, they look normal, they're not cancer, but you have this overactive growth. So they're beginning to, while the under our microscope, they look normal, they are beginning to behave in an abnormal fashion by growing more than they should. It's kind of the first sign of trouble or let's watch out for this. It may not go on to become anything uh cancerous, but this can be the first stage along the road to cancer. So they look normal histopathological, but they're behaving in an abnormal fashion in growing more than they should for the particular tissue and that overactive growth when the cells still look normal. This choice, a hyperplasia, our key here can be the prefix hyper, think of hyperactive, meaning too much. So we've got too much growth there. And let's look at our other answer choices. Obviously, choice D none of the, none of the above we can rule out since we have an answer. Choice B is dyslexia. So in dys pleasure, uh it's not cancer, but cells are beginning to look abnormal under a microscope. So while we had overactive growth in hyperplasia, but the cells still looked as they were supposed to. Now, we have cells looking abnormal, they don't look like the cells usually do in those tissues, but it's still not cancer yet. So you can kind of remember that by that prefix, dis dis you know, think of discord or dysfunctional. So the cells are beginning to look wrong essentially as opposed to hyperplasia where they're just you have overgrowth happening. So that's not a correct answer. And then finally choice c neoplasia, neoplasia, we now have cancerous cells distinctly. Uh they haven't spread. So not metastatic yet. Metastasis is the next step where the cells spread beyond the tissue where they originated and spread to normal healthy tissue or organs and begin to grow there. Um But in neoplasia, the cells now have gotten to the stage where those changes that had just started now are distinctly cancerous. So not what we are asking for since we're looking for normal non cancerous cells. But as you can see, there's sort of this stepwise fashion that can lead to cancer. Uh steps along the way where you'd see hyperplasia, overgrowth of normal cells followed by changes to the cells that still aren't cancer and dysplasia cells becoming cancerous and neoplasia. And then metastasis, metastasis being that final malignant change where the cancer cells are beginning to grow in other tissues. So again, the overactive growth of normal noncancerous tissues is called choice. A hyperplasia cells themselves look normal, Their growth is not see you in the next video.

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