How is the absorption of ultraviolet light by DNA and RNA important in the analysis of nucleic acids?

What observations are consistent with the conclusion that DNA serves as the genetic material in eukaryotes? List and discuss them.

What are the exceptions to the general rule that DNA is the genetic material in all organisms? What evidence supports these exceptions?

Describe the various characteristics of the Watson–Crick double-helix model for DNA.

What evidence did Watson and Crick have at their disposal in 1953? What was their approach in arriving at the structure of DNA?

What is the physical state of DNA after it is heated and denatured?

What is the hyperchromic effect? How is it measured? What does Tₘ imply?

Why is Tₘ related to base composition?

Albinism, an autosomal recessive trait characterized by an absence of skin pigmentation, is found in 1 in 4000 people in populations at equilibrium. Brachydactyly, an autosomal dominant trait producing shortened fingers and toes, is found in 1 in 6000 people in populations at equilibrium. For each of these traits, calculate the frequency ofthe recessive allele at the locus