Using the molecular orbital energy ordering for second-row homonuclear diatomic molecules in which the π_2p orbitals lie at higher energy than the σ_2p, draw MO energy diagrams and predict the bond order in a molecule or ion with each number of total valence electrons. Will the molecule or ion be diamagnetic or paramagnetic? c. 13

Using the molecular orbital energy ordering for second-row homonuclear diatomic molecules in which the π_2p orbitals lie at higher energy than the σ_2p, draw MO energy diagrams and predict the bond order in a molecule or ion with each number of total valence electrons. Will the molecule or ion be diamagnetic or paramagnetic? d. 14

Use molecular orbital theory to predict if each molecule or ion exists in a relatively stable form. a. Li22+ b. Li2 c. Be22+ d. C22+

Use molecular orbital theory to predict if each molecule or ion exists in a relatively stable form. a. F22–

According to MO theory, which molecule or ion has the highest bond order? O₂, O₂^- , O₂^2-

According to MO theory, which molecule or ion has the highest bond energy? O₂, O₂^- , O₂^2-

According to MO theory, which molecule or ion has the shortest bond length? O₂, O₂^- , O₂^2-

Draw an MO energy diagram for CO. (Use the energy ordering of O₂.) Predict the bond order and make a sketch of the lowest energy bonding molecular orbital.

Draw an energy diagram for HCl. Predict the bond order and make a sketch of the lowest energy bonding molecular orbital.

The genetic code is based on four different bases with the structures shown here. Assign a geometry and hybridization to each interior atom in these four bases. d. guanine

The structure of acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) is shown here. How many π bonds are present in acetylsalicylic acid?

The structure of acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) is shown here. How many sigma bonds?

Most vitamins can be classified as either fat soluble, which results in their tendency to accumulate in the body (so that taking too much can be harmful), or water soluble, which results in their tendency to be quickly eliminated from the body in urine. Examine the structural formulas and space-filling models of these vitamins and determine whether each one is fat soluble (mostly nonpolar) or water soluble (mostly polar). (a) vitamin C

Most vitamins can be classified as either fat soluble, which results in their tendency to accumulate in the body (so that taking too much can be harmful), or water soluble, which results in their tendency to be quickly eliminated from the body in urine. Examine the structural formulas and space-filling models of these vitamins and determine whether each one is fat soluble (mostly nonpolar) or water soluble (mostly polar). (c) niacin (vitamin B3)

Water does not easily remove grease from dishes or hands because grease is nonpolar and water is polar. The addition of soap to water, however, allows the grease to dissolve. Study the structure of sodium stearate (a soap) and describe how it works.

Draw a molecular orbital energy diagram for ClF. (Assume that the sp orbitals are lower in energy than the p orbitals.) What is the bond order in ClF?

Draw Lewis structures and MO diagrams for CN⁺ , CN, and CN^- . According to the Lewis model, which species is most stable?

The compound C₃H₄ has two double bonds. Describe its bonding and geometry, using a valence bond approach.

Draw the structure of a molecule with the formula C₄H₆Cl₂ that has a dipole moment of 0.

Draw the structures of two compounds that have the composition CH₃NO₂ and have all three H atoms bonded to the C. Predict which compound has the larger ONO bond angle.

How many types of hybrid orbitals do we use to describe each molecule? a. N₂O₅ c. BrCN (no formal charges)

How many types of hybrid orbitals do we use to describe each molecule? b. C₂H₅NO (four C-H bonds and one O-H bond)

Indicate which orbitals overlap to form the s bonds in each compound. a. BeBr₂ b. HgCl₂ c. ICN