Calculate the molarity of each solution.
c. 32.4 mg NaCl in 122.4 mL of solution

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Convert the mass of NaCl from milligrams to grams by dividing by 1000.

Calculate the number of moles of NaCl using the formula: \( \text{moles} = \frac{\text{mass (g)}}{\text{molar mass of NaCl (g/mol)}} \). The molar mass of NaCl is approximately 58.44 g/mol.

Convert the volume of the solution from milliliters to liters by dividing by 1000.

Calculate the molarity of the solution using the formula: \( \text{Molarity (M)} = \frac{\text{moles of solute}}{\text{liters of solution}} \).

Ensure all units are consistent and check calculations for accuracy.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Molarity

Molarity is a measure of concentration defined as the number of moles of solute per liter of solution. It is expressed in moles per liter (mol/L). To calculate molarity, one must know the amount of solute in grams, convert it to moles using the molar mass, and then divide by the volume of the solution in liters.

Molar Mass

Molar mass is the mass of one mole of a substance, typically expressed in grams per mole (g/mol). For sodium chloride (NaCl), the molar mass is approximately 58.44 g/mol. This value is essential for converting the mass of the solute into moles, which is a necessary step in calculating molarity.

Volume Conversion

Volume conversion is the process of changing the volume measurement from one unit to another, such as from milliliters (mL) to liters (L). Since molarity is defined in terms of liters, it is crucial to convert the volume of the solution from mL to L by dividing by 1000 (1 L = 1000 mL) before performing the molarity calculation.