Ch.2 - Atoms & Elements

Problem 66

Chapter 2, Problem 66

Determine whether or not each element is a transition element. a. Cr b. Br c. Mo d. Cs

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Identify the location of each element on the periodic table. Transition elements are located in the d-block, which consists of groups 3 to 12.

Check the group number for Chromium (Cr). If it falls within groups 3 to 12, it is a transition element.

Examine the group number for Bromine (Br). If it is outside groups 3 to 12, it is not a transition element.

Look at the group number for Molybdenum (Mo). If it is within groups 3 to 12, it qualifies as a transition element.

Determine the group number for Cesium (Cs). If it falls outside groups 3 to 12, it is not a transition element.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Transition Elements

Transition elements are defined as d-block elements that have partially filled d orbitals in one or more of their oxidation states. They typically exhibit properties such as the ability to form variable oxidation states, colored compounds, and catalytic activity. Understanding which elements fall into this category is essential for identifying transition metals.

Periodic Table Groups

The periodic table is organized into groups and periods, with transition metals located in groups 3 to 12. Elements in these groups share similar properties due to their electron configurations. Recognizing the position of an element in the periodic table helps determine whether it is a transition metal or not.

Electron Configuration

Electron configuration describes the distribution of electrons in an atom's orbitals. For transition metals, the presence of electrons in the d subshell is crucial for their classification. Analyzing the electron configurations of the given elements (Cr, Br, Mo, Cs) will clarify which are transition elements based on their d orbital occupancy.

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Electron Configuration Example

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Textbook Question

Fill in the blanks to complete the table.

Symbol Ion Formed Number of Electrons in Ion Number of Protons in Ion

Cl ______ ______ 17

Te ______ 54 ______

Br Br^– ______ ______

______ Sr²⁺ ______ 38

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Textbook Question

Write the symbol for each element and classify it as a metal, nonmetal, or metalloid. a. gold b. fluorine c. sodium d. tin e. argon

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Determine whether or not each element is a main-group element. a. tellurium b. potassium c. vanadium d. manganese

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Classify each element as an alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, halogen, or noble gas. a. F b. Sr c. K d. Ne e. At

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Textbook Question

Which pair of elements do you expect to be most similar? Why? a. nitrogen and oxygen b. titanium and gallium c. lithium and sodium d. germanium and arsenic e. argon and bromine

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