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Problem 87
Write balanced complete ionic and net ionic equations for each acid–base reaction. a. HBr(aq) + NaOH(aq) → b. HF(aq) + NaOH(aq) → c. HC2H3O2(aq) + RbOH(aq) →
Problem 88a
Write balanced complete ionic and net ionic equations for each acid–base reaction. a. HI(aq) + RbOH(aq) →
Problem 88b,c
Write balanced complete ionic and net ionic equations for each acid–base reaction.
b. HCHO2(aq) + NaOH(aq) →
c. HC2H3O2(aq) + LiOH(aq) →
Problem 89
A 25.00-mL sample of an unknown HClO4 solution requires titration with 22.62 mL of 0.2000 M NaOH to reach the equivalence point. What is the concentration of the unknown HClO4 solution? The neutralization reaction is HClO4(aq) + NaOH(aq) → H2O(l) + NaClO4(aq)
Problem 90
A 30.00-mL sample of an unknown H3PO4 solution is titrated with a 0.100 M NaOH solution. The equivalence point is reached when 26.38 mL of NaOH solution is added. What is the concentration of the unknown H3PO4 solution? The neutralization reaction is H3PO4(aq) + 3 NaOH(aq) → 3 H2O(l) + Na3PO4(aq)
Problem 91a,d
Complete and balance each gas-evolution equation. a. HBr(aq) + NiS(s) → d. HClO4(aq) + Li2CO3(aq) →
Problem 91b
Complete and balance each gas-evolution equation. b. NH4I(aq) + NaOH(aq) →
Problem 91c
Complete and balance each gas-evolution equation. c. HBr(aq) + Na2S(aq) →
Problem 92a
Complete and balance each gas-evolution equation. a. HNO3(aq) + Na2SO3(aq) →
Problem 92b,c,d
Complete and balance each gas-evolution equation. b. HCl(aq) + KHCO3(aq) → c. HC2H3O2(aq) + NaHSO3(aq) → d. (NH4)2SO4(aq) + Ca(OH)2(aq) →
Problem 93
Assign oxidation states to each atom in each element, ion, or compound. Ag, Ca2+, BaO, H2S, NO3-, CrO42-
Problem 94
Assign oxidation states to each atom in each element, ion, or compound. Cl2, Fe3+, CuCl2, CH4, Cr2O72–, HSO4–
Problem 95a
What is the oxidation state of Cr in each compound? a. CrO
Problem 95b
What is the oxidation state of Cr in each compound? b. CrO3
Problem 95c
What is the oxidation state of Cr in each compound? c. Cr2O3
Problem 96
What is the oxidation state of Cl in each ion? a. ClO- b. ClO2- c. ClO3- d. ClO4-
Problem 97a
Determine whether each reaction is a redox reaction. For each redox reaction, identify the oxidizing agent and the reducing agent. a. 4 Li(s) + O2(g) → 2 Li2O(s) b. Mg(s) + Fe2+(aq) → Mg2+(aq) + Fe(s)
Problem 97c,d
Determine whether each reaction is a redox reaction. For each redox reaction, identify the oxidizing agent and the reducing agent. c. Pb(NO3)2(aq) + Na2SO4(aq) → PbSO4(s) + 2 NaNO3(aq) d. HBr(aq) + KOH(aq) → H2O(l) + KBr(aq)
Problem 98
Determine whether each reaction is a redox reaction. For each redox reaction, identify the oxidizing agent and the reducing agent. a. Al(s) + 3 Ag+(aq) → Al3+(aq) + 3 Ag(s) b. SO3(g) + H2O(l) → H2SO4(aq) c. Ba(s) + Cl2(g) → BaCl2(s) d. Mg(s) + Br2(l) → MgBr2(s)
- Is the following formulation of a task correct? If not, please correct it: Complete and balance each combustion reaction equation. a. S(s) + O2(g) → b. C3H6(g) + O2(g) → c. Ca(s) + O2(g) → d. C5H12S(l) + O2(g) →
Problem 99
Problem 101
The density of a 20.0% by mass ethylene glycol (C2H6O2) solution in water is 1.03 g/mL. Find the molarity of the solution.
Problem 102
Find the percent by mass of sodium chloride in a 1.35 M NaCl solution. The density of the solution is 1.05 g/mL.
- People sometimes use sodium bicarbonate as an antacid to neutralize excess hydrochloric acid in an upset stomach. What mass of hydrochloric acid (in grams) can 2.5 g of sodium bicarbonate neutralize? (Hint: Begin by writing a balanced equation for the reaction between aqueous sodium bicarbonate and aqueous hydrochloric acid.)
Problem 103
- Toilet bowl cleaners often contain hydrochloric acid, which dissolves the calcium carbonate deposits that accumulate within a toilet bowl. What mass of calcium carbonate (in grams) can be dissolved by 3.8 g of HCl? (Hint: Begin by writing a balanced equation for the reaction between hydrochloric acid and calcium carbonate.)
Problem 104
Problem 105
The combustion of gasoline produces carbon dioxide and water. Assume gasoline to be pure octane (C8H18) and calculate the mass (in kg) of carbon dioxide that is added to the atmosphere per 1.0 kg of octane burned. (Hint: Begin by writing a balanced equation for the combustion reaction.)
Problem 106
Many home barbeques are fueled with propane gas (C3H8). What mass of carbon dioxide (in kg) is produced upon the complete combustion of 18.9 L of propane (approximate contents of one 5-gallon tank)? Assume that the density of the liquid propane in the tank is 0.621 g/mL. (Hint: Begin by writing a balanced equation for the combustion reaction.)
Problem 107
Aspirin can be made in the laboratory by reacting acetic anhydride (C4H6O3) with salicylic acid (C7H6O3) to form aspirin (C9H8O4) and acetic acid (C2H4O2). The balanced equation is: C4H6O3 + C7H6O3 → C9H8O4 + C2H4O2 In a laboratory synthesis, a student begins with 3.00 mL of acetic anhydride (density = 1.08 g/mL) and 1.25 g of salicylic acid. Once the reaction is complete, the student collects 1.22 g of aspirin. Determine the limiting reactant. Determine the theoretical yield of aspirin. Determine the percent yield for the reaction.
Problem 108
The combustion of liquid ethanol (C2H5OH) produces carbon dioxide and water. After 4.62 mL of ethanol (density = 0.789 g/mL) is allowed to burn in the presence of 15.55 g of oxygen gas, 3.72 mL of water (density = 1.00 g/mL) is collected. Determine the percent yield for the reaction. (Hint: Write a balanced equation for the combustion of ethanol.)
Problem 110
A hydrochloric acid solution will neutralize a sodium hydroxide solution. Look at the molecular views showing one beaker of HCl and four beakers of NaOH. Which NaOH beaker will just neutralize the HCl beaker? Begin by writing a balanced chemical equation for the neutralization reaction.
- Predict the products and write a balanced molecular equation for each reaction. If no reaction occurs, write 'NO REACTION.' b. KHSO3(aq) + HNO3(aq) c. Aqueous ammonium chloride and aqueous lead(II) nitrate.
Problem 111