Predict a likely mode of decay for each unstable nuclide. a. Sb-132 b. Te-139 d. Ba-123
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Identify the atomic number of the element. Antimony (Sb) has an atomic number of 51.
Determine the neutron number by subtracting the atomic number from the mass number: Neutron number = 132 - 51.
Compare the neutron-to-proton (n/p) ratio to the stable n/p ratio for elements around antimony. A high n/p ratio suggests beta decay, while a low n/p ratio suggests positron emission or electron capture.
Consider the position of the nuclide on the chart of nuclides. Nuclides above the band of stability typically undergo beta decay to decrease the neutron number.
Conclude the likely mode of decay based on the n/p ratio and the nuclide's position relative to the band of stability.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Nuclear Decay
Nuclear decay refers to the process by which an unstable atomic nucleus loses energy by emitting radiation. This can occur through various modes, including alpha decay, beta decay, and gamma decay, each characterized by the type of particle or energy released. Understanding the stability of nuclides and the forces at play within the nucleus is essential for predicting the mode of decay.
Beta decay is a specific type of radioactive decay in which a neutron in the nucleus is transformed into a proton, emitting a beta particle (an electron or positron) and an antineutrino or neutrino. This process increases the atomic number of the element by one while keeping the mass number unchanged. It is common in nuclides that are neutron-rich, making it a likely decay mode for certain isotopes.
Isotopes are variants of a chemical element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons, leading to different mass numbers. The stability of an isotope depends on the ratio of neutrons to protons; an imbalance can lead to instability and radioactive decay. Understanding the specific isotope in question, such as Sb-132, is crucial for predicting its decay mode based on its nuclear structure.
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