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- For the reaction 2 A(g) ⇌ B(g) + 2 C(g), a reaction vessel initially contains only A at a pressure of PA = 255 mmHg. At equilibrium, PA = 55 mmHg. Calculate the value of Kp. (Assume no changes in volume or temperature.)
Problem 42
- Consider the reaction: Fe3+ (aq) + SCN- (aq) ⇌ FeSCN2+ (aq). A solution is made containing an initial [Fe3+] of 1.0*10^-3 M and an initial [SCN-] of 8.0*10^-4 M. At equilibrium, [FeSCN2+] = 1.7*10^-4 M. Calculate the value of the equilibrium constant (Kc).
Problem 43
- Consider the reaction: SO2Cl2(g) ⇌ SO2(g) + Cl2(g). A reaction mixture is made containing an initial [SO2Cl2] of 0.020 M. At equilibrium, [Cl2] = 1.2*10^-2 M. Calculate the value of the equilibrium constant (Kc).
Problem 44
- Consider the reaction: H2(g) + I2(g) ⇌ 2 HI(g). A reaction mixture in a 3.67-L flask at a certain temperature initially contains 0.763 g H2 and 96.9 g I2. At equilibrium, the flask contains 90.4 g HI. Calculate the equilibrium constant (Kc) for the reaction at this temperature.
Problem 45
- Consider the reaction: CO(g) + 2 H2(g) ⇌ CH3OH(g). A reaction mixture in a 5.19-L flask at a certain temperature contains 26.9 g CO and 2.34 g H2. At equilibrium, the flask contains 8.65 g CH3OH. Calculate the equilibrium constant (Kc) for the reaction at this temperature.
Problem 46
Problem 47
Consider the reaction: NH4HS(s) ⇌ NH3(g) + H2S(g) At a certain temperature, Kc = 8.5⨉10-3. A reaction mixture at this temperature containing solid NH4HS has [NH3] = 0.166 M and [H2S] = 0.166 M. Will more of the solid form or will some of the existing solid decompose as equilibrium is reached?
- Consider the reaction: 2H2S(g) ⇌ 2H2(g) + S2(g). Kp = 2.4 * 10^-4 at 1073K. A reaction mixture contains 0.112 atm of H2, 0.055 atm of S2, and 0.445 atm of H2S. Is the reaction mixture at equilibrium? If not, in what direction will the reaction proceed?
Problem 48
Problem 49
Silver sulfate dissolves in water according to the reaction: Ag2SO4(s) ⇌ 2 Ag+(aq) + SO42-(aq) Kc = 1.1⨉10-5 at 298 K. A 1.5-L solution contains 6.55 g of dissolved silver sulfate. If additional solid silver sulfate is added to the solution, will it dissolve?
Problem 51
Consider the reaction and the associated equilibrium constant: aA(g) ⇌ bB(g) Kc = 4.0 Find the equilibrium concentrations of A and B for each value of a and b. Assume that the initial concentration of A in each case is 1.0 M and that no B is present at the beginning of the reaction. c. a=1;b=2
- Consider the reaction and the associated equilibrium constant: aA(g) + bB(g) ⇌ cC(g) with Kc = 5.0. Find the equilibrium concentrations of A, B, and C for the given values of a, b, and c. Assume that the initial concentrations of A and B are each 1.0 M and that no product is present at the beginning of the reaction. Calculate the equations for x without solving them for the following cases: a) a=1, b=1, c=2; b) a=1, b=1, c=1; c) a=2, b=1, c=1.
Problem 52
Problem 53
For the reaction shown here, Kc = 0.513 at 500 K. N2O4(g) ⇌ 2 NO2(g) If a reaction vessel initially contains an N2O4 concentration of 0.0500 M at 500 K, what are the equilibrium concentrations of N2O4 and NO2 at 500 K?
Problem 54
For the reaction shown here, Kc = 255 at 1000 K. CO(g) + Cl2(g) ⇌ COCl2(g) If a reaction mixture initially contains a CO concentration of 0.1500 M and a Cl2 concentration of 0.175 M at 1000 K, what are the equilibrium concentrations of CO, Cl2, and COCl2 at 1000 K?
- Consider the reaction: NiO(s) + CO(g) ⇌ Ni(s) + CO2(g) Kc = 4.0 * 10^3 at 1500 K. If a mixture of solid nickel(II) oxide and 0.20 M carbon monoxide comes to equilibrium at 1500 K, what is the equilibrium concentration of CO2?
Problem 55
- Consider the reaction: CO(g) + H2O(g) ⇌ CO2(g) + H2(g) Kc = 102 at 500 K. If a reaction mixture initially contains 0.110 M CO and 0.110 M H2O, what will the equilibrium concentration of each of the reactants and products be?
Problem 56
Problem 57
Consider the reaction: HC2H3O2(aq) + H2O(l) ⇌ H3O+(aq) + C2H3O2-(aq) Kc = 1.8⨉10-5 at 25°C If a solution initially contains 0.210 M HC2H3O2, what is the equilibrium concentration of H3O+ at 25 °C?
Problem 58
Consider the reaction: SO2Cl2(g) ⇌ SO2(g) + Cl2(g) Kc = 2.99⨉10-7 at 227 °C If a reaction mixture initially contains 0.175 M SO2Cl2, what is the equilibrium concentration of Cl2 at 227 °C?
- Consider the reaction: Br2(g) + Cl2(g) ⇌ 2BrCl(g) with Kp = 1.11 * 10^-4 at 150 K. A reaction mixture initially contains a Br2 partial pressure of 755 torr and a Cl2 partial pressure of 735 torr at 150 K. Calculate the equilibrium partial pressure of BrCl.
Problem 59
Problem 61
Consider the reaction: A(g) ⇌ B(g) + C(g) Find the equilibrium concentrations of A, B, and C for each value of Kc. Assume that the initial concentration of A in each case is 1.0 M and that the reaction mixture initially contains no products. Make any appropriate simplifying assumptions. b. Kc = 0.010
- Consider the reaction: A(g) ⇌ 2B(g). Find the equilibrium partial pressures of A and B for each value of Kp. Assume that the initial partial pressure of B in each case is 1.0 atm and that the initial partial pressure of A is 0.0 atm. Make any appropriate simplifying assumptions. a. Kp = 1.0 b. Kp = 1.0 × 10^-4 c. Kp = 1.0 × 10^5.
Problem 62
- Consider this reaction at equilibrium: CO(g) + Cl2(g) ⇌ COCl2(g) Predict whether the reaction will shift left, shift right, or remain unchanged after each disturbance. a. COCl2 is added to the reaction mixture. b. Cl2 is added to the reaction mixture. c. COCl2 is removed from the reaction mixture.
Problem 63
Problem 64a
Consider this reaction at equilibrium: 2 BrNO(g) ⇌ 2 NO(g) + Br2(g) Predict whether the reaction will shift left, shift right, or remain unchanged after each disturbance. a. NO is added to the reaction mixture.
Problem 64b
Consider this reaction at equilibrium: 2 BrNO(g) ⇌ 2 NO(g) + Br2(g) Predict whether the reaction will shift left, shift right, or remain unchanged after each disturbance. b. BrNO is added to the reaction mixture.
Problem 64c
Consider this reaction at equilibrium: 2 BrNO(g) ⇌ 2 NO(g) + Br2(g) Predict whether the reaction will shift left, shift right, or remain unchanged after each disturbance. c. Br2 is removed from the reaction mixture.
- Consider this reaction at equilibrium: 2KClO3(s) ⇌ 2KCl(s) + 3O2(g). Predict whether the reaction will shift left, shift right, or remain unchanged after each disturbance. a. O2 is removed from the reaction mixture. b. KCl is added to the reaction mixture. c. KClO3 is added to the reaction mixture. d. O2 is added to the reaction mixture.
Problem 65
Problem 66
Consider this reaction at equilibrium: C(s) + H2O(g) ⇌ CO(g) + H2(g) Predict whether the reaction will shift left, shift right, or remain unchanged after each disturbance. a. C is added to the reaction mixture. b. H2O is condensed and removed from the reaction mixture. Predict whether the reaction will shift left, shift right, or remain unchanged after each disturbance. c. CO is added to the reaction mixture. d. H2 is removed from the reaction mixture.
Problem 67
Each reaction is allowed to come to equilibrium, and then the volume is changed as indicated. Predict the effect (shift right, shift left, or no effect) of the indicated volume change. a. I2( g) ⇌ 2 I( g) (volume is increased) b. 2 H2S( g) ⇌ 2 H2( g) + S2(g) (volume is decreased) c. I2(g) + Cl2(g) ⇌ 2 ICl(g) (volume is decreased)
Problem 68a
Each reaction is allowed to come to equilibrium, and then the volume is changed as indicated. Predict the effect (shift right, shift left, or no effect) of the indicated volume change. a. CO(g) + H2O( g) ⇌ CO2(g) + H2(g) (volume is decreased)
Problem 68b
Each reaction is allowed to come to equilibrium, and then the volume is changed as indicated. Predict the effect (shift right, shift left, or no effect) of the indicated volume change. b. PCl3(g) + Cl2(g) ⇌ PCl5(g) (volume is increased)
Problem 68c
Each reaction is allowed to come to equilibrium, and then the volume is changed as indicated. Predict the effect (shift right, shift left, or no effect) of the indicated volume change. c. CaCO3(s) ⇌ CaO(s) + CO2(g) (volume is increased)
Problem 69
This reaction is endothermic. C(s) + CO2(g) ⇌ 2 CO(g) Predict the effect (shift right, shift left, or no effect) of increasing and decreasing the reaction temperature. How does the value of the equilibrium constant depend on temperature?