Textbook Question
Write a hybridization and bonding scheme for each molecule. Sketch the molecule, including overlapping orbitals, and label all bonds using the notation shown in Examples 10.6 and 10.7. a. CCl4
Ch.10 - Chemical Bonding II: Molecular Shapes & Valence Bond Theory
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Tro 4th EditionCh.10 - Chemical Bonding II: Molecular Shapes & Valence Bond TheoryProblem 62
Tro 4th EditionCh.10 - Chemical Bonding II: Molecular Shapes & Valence Bond TheoryProblem 62Chapter 10, Problem 62
Write a hybridization and bonding scheme for each molecule. Sketch the molecule, including overlapping orbitals, and label all bonds using the notation shown in Examples 10.6 and 10.7.a. CH2Br2 b. SO2 c. NF3 d. BF3
Verified step by step guidance1
Step 1: Determine the Lewis structure for each molecule.
Step 2: Identify the central atom and count the number of electron domains (bonding and lone pairs) around it to determine the hybridization.
Step 3: For each molecule, describe the hybridization of the central atom and the type of bonds formed (sigma or pi).
Step 4: Sketch the molecule, showing the overlapping orbitals and labeling the bonds.
Step 5: Use the notation for bonds, such as \(\sigma\) and \(\pi\), to label each bond in the molecule.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Hybridization
Hybridization is the concept of mixing atomic orbitals to form new hybrid orbitals that can accommodate bonding in molecules. It explains the geometry of molecular structures by combining different types of orbitals (s, p, d) to create equivalent orbitals that are oriented in specific directions. For example, in methane (CH4), the carbon atom undergoes sp3 hybridization, resulting in four equivalent sp3 hybrid orbitals that form tetrahedral geometry.
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Hybridization
Bonding and Molecular Geometry
Bonding refers to the interactions between atoms that result in the formation of molecules, primarily through covalent bonds where electrons are shared. The molecular geometry is determined by the arrangement of these bonds and lone pairs around the central atom, which can be predicted using the VSEPR (Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion) theory. Understanding the geometry helps in visualizing the shape of the molecule and the orientation of its bonds.
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Orbital Overlap Theory
Orbital overlap theory explains how atomic orbitals combine to form covalent bonds through the overlap of their electron clouds. The greater the overlap, the stronger the bond formed. This theory is crucial for visualizing molecular structures, as it allows for the representation of sigma (σ) and pi (π) bonds, which are formed by the head-on and side-on overlap of orbitals, respectively. This concept is essential for sketching molecules and labeling bonds accurately.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
Write a hybridization and bonding scheme for each molecule. Sketch the molecule, including overlapping orbitals, and label all bonds using the notation shown in Examples 10.6 and 10.7. b. NH3
Textbook Question
Write a hybridization and bonding scheme for each molecule. Sketch the molecule, including overlapping orbitals, and label all bonds using the notation shown in Examples 10.6 and 10.7. c. OF2 d. CO2
Textbook Question
Write a hybridization and bonding scheme for each molecule or ion. Sketch the structure, including overlapping orbitals, and label all bonds using the notation shown in Examples 10.6 and 10.7.
a. COCl2 (carbon is the central atom)
b. BrF5
c. XeF2
Textbook Question
Write a hybridization and bonding scheme for each molecule or ion. Sketch the structure, including overlapping orbitals, and label all bonds using the notation shown in Examples 10.6 and 10.7. d. I3-
Textbook Question
Write a hybridization and bonding scheme for each molecule or ion. Sketch the structure, including overlapping orbitals, and label all bonds using the notation shown in Examples 10.6 and 10.7. a. SO32-