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Problem 32
The following diagram represents the reaction of A2 (red spheres) with B2 (blue spheres):
(a) Write a balanced equation for the reaction, and identify the limiting reactant. (b) How many moles of product can be made from 1.0 mol of A2 and 1.0 mol of B2?
- What is the percent composition of cysteine, one of the 20 amino acids commonly found in proteins? (Gray = C, red = O, blue = N, yellow = S, ivory = H.)
Problem 33
Problem 34
What is the difference between a covalent bond and an ionic bond?
- Cytosine, a constituent of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), can be represented by the following molecular model. If 0.001 mol of cytosine is submitted to combustion analysis, how many moles of CO2 and how many moles of H2O would be formed? (Gray = C, red = O, blue = N, ivory = H.)
Problem 34
- A hydrocarbon of unknown formula CxHy was submitted to combustion analysis with the following results. What is the empirical formula of the hydrocarbon?
Problem 35
Problem 36
Which of the following equations is balanced?
(a) The development reaction in silver-halide photography: 2 AgBr + 2 NaOH + C6H6O2 → 2 Ag + H2O + 2 NaBr + C6H4O2
(b) The preparation of household bleach: 2 NaOH + Cl2 → NaOCl + NaCl + H2O
Problem 37
Which of the following equations is balanced? Balance any that need it.
(a) The thermite reaction, used in welding: Al + Fe2O3 → Al2O3 + Fe
(b) The photosynthesis of glucose from CO2: 6 CO2 + 6 H2O → C6H12O6 + 6 O2
(c) The separation of gold from its ore: Au + 2 NaCN + O2 + H2O → NaAu(CN)2 + 3 NaOH
Problem 38a
Balance the following equations. (a) Mg + HNO3 → H2 + Mg(NO3)2
Problem 38b
Balance the following equations. (b) CaC2 + H2O → Ca(OH)2 + C2H2
Problem 38c
Balance the following equations. (c) S + O2 → SO3
Problem 38d
Balance the following equations. (d) UO2 + HF → UF4 + H2O
Problem 39a
Balance the following equations. (a) The explosion of ammonium nitrate: NH4NO3 → N2 + O2 + H2O
Problem 39b
Balance the following equations. (b) The spoilage of wine into vinegar: C2H6O + O2 → C2H4O2 + H2O
Problem 39c
Balance the following equations. (c) The burning of rocket fuel: C2H8N2 + N2O4 --> N2 + CO2 + H2O
Problem 40a
Balance the following equations. (a) SiCl4 + H2O → SiO2 + HCl
Problem 40b
Balance the following equations. (b) P4O10 + H2O → H3PO4
Problem 40c
Balance the following equations. (c) CaCN2 + H2O → CaCO3 + NH3
Problem 40d
Balance the following equations. (d) NO2 + H2O → HNO3 + NO
- Balance the following equations. (a) VCl3 + Na + CO --> V(CO)6 + NaCl
Problem 41
Problem 42a
Balance the following equations. (a) C6H5NO2 + O2 --> CO2 + H2O + NO2
Problem 42b
Balance the following equations. (b) Au + H2SeO4 → Au2(SeO4)3 + H2SeO3 + H2O
Problem 42c
Balance the following equations. (c) NH4ClO4 + Al → Al2O3 + N2 + Cl2 + H2O
Problem 43a
Balance the following equations. (a) CO(NH2)2(aq) + HOCl(aq) --> NCl3(aq) + CO2(aq) + H2O(l)
Problem 43b
Balance the following equations. (b) Ca3(PO4)2(s) + SiO2(s) + C(s) --> P4(g) + CaSiO3(l) + CO(g)
Problem 44a
What are the molecular (formula) weights of the following substances? (a) Hg2Cl2 (calomel, used at one time as a bowel purgative)
Problem 44b
What are the molecular (formula) weights of the following substances? (b) C4H8O2 (butyric acid, responsible for the odor of rancid butter)
Problem 44c
What are the molecular (formula) weights of the following substances? (c) CF2Cl2 (a chlorofluorocarbon that destroys the stratospheric ozone layer
- In the following drawings, red spheres represent cations, and blue spheres represent anions. Match the drawings (a)–(d) with the following ionic compounds: (i) Ca3(PO4) (ii) Li2CO32 (iii) FeCl2 (a) (iv) MgSO4 (a)
Problem 45
(b)
(c)
(d) Problem 46b
What are the molecular weights of the following pharmaceuticals? (b) C22H27F3O4S (fluticasone, anti-inflammatory)
Problem 46c
What are the molecular weights of the following pharmaceuticals? (c) C16H16ClNO2S (clopidogrel, inhibits blood clots)