Textbook Question
Could the strain in the P4 molecule be reduced by using sp3 hybrid orbitals in bonding instead of pure p orbitals? Explain.
Ch.22 - The Main Group Elements
Chapter 22, Problem 121
Write a balanced equation for the reaction of an excess of O2 with each of the following elements: (a) Ca (b) C (c) As (d) B.
Verified step by step guidance1
Identify the type of reaction: The reaction of elements with oxygen is typically a combustion or oxidation reaction, where the element combines with oxygen to form an oxide.
Write the general formula for the reaction: For an element X reacting with oxygen, the general formula is X + O_2 \rightarrow XO_y, where XO_y is the oxide formed.
Determine the oxidation states: For each element, determine the common oxidation state it adopts when forming an oxide. For example, calcium (Ca) typically forms CaO, carbon (C) forms CO_2, arsenic (As) forms As_2O_3 or As_2O_5, and boron (B) forms B_2O_3.
Balance the chemical equation: Ensure that the number of atoms of each element is the same on both sides of the equation. This may involve adjusting coefficients in front of the reactants and products.
Verify the balanced equation: Double-check that the equation is balanced in terms of both mass and charge, ensuring that the total number of each type of atom is equal on both sides of the equation.
Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Balancing Chemical Equations
Balancing chemical equations involves ensuring that the number of atoms of each element is the same on both sides of the equation. This is based on the law of conservation of mass, which states that matter cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction. To balance an equation, coefficients are adjusted in front of the chemical formulas to achieve equal atom counts.
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Combustion Reactions
Combustion reactions occur when a substance reacts with oxygen, typically producing heat and light. In the case of elements reacting with excess O2, the products are often oxides of the elements. For example, carbon reacts with oxygen to form carbon dioxide, while calcium reacts to form calcium oxide. Understanding the type of reaction helps predict the products formed.
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Oxides of Elements
Oxides are compounds formed when elements react with oxygen. Each element has a specific oxide it forms based on its oxidation state and bonding characteristics. For instance, carbon forms CO or CO2, while calcium forms CaO. Recognizing the common oxides of elements is essential for writing balanced equations in combustion reactions.
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